Content:
- The Big Bang Model
- Explanatory Model
- General about the Big Bang model
- The James Webb Space Telescope
- JWST Observations Based on the Big Bang Model
- JWST Observations Based on the Creation Model
- Dark Matter
- Dark Energy
- Anomalies in the Andromeda Galaxy
- Scientific Problems with the Big Bang Model
- Cosmology
- Hubble’s Law
- The Universe has a Center
- The Cosmological Principle
- CMB
- The Creation Model
- Differences Between the Models
- Big Bang Model
- Creation Model
- Space and Time
- Summary
The Big Bang Model
The Big Bang (BB) model teaches that everything originally existed in a singularity. About 13.8 billion years ago, this "cosmic egg" exploded and expanded faster than the speed of light for just a fraction of a second (so-called Inflation) and is assumed to continue expanding indefinitely. In the first seconds, particles began to form, after 380,000 years atoms appeared, after another 200-300 million years, the first stars appeared, and after about 9 billion, our solar system and the Earth appeared.
It includes the following steps:
- The entire universe originally existed in an extremely hot and violent point much smaller than a proton in size, a so-called singularity. All energy,
space, and time existed in this singularity. There was absolutely nothing
of matter, energy, space, or time outside of this singularity.
- This singularity exploded.
- Space rapidly expanded like a balloon. It's described as blowing up
a balloon with galaxies marked on the surface of the balloon. It's then considered that the surface of the balloon is a two-dimensional projection
of the three-dimensional space. When you blow up the balloon, the galaxies are moved apart, and there is no center in this universe
(with the galaxies projected on the surface of the balloon).
The balloon is seen expanding in a fourth space dimension.
Nor can one go to the outer edge of the universe, because it has no edge. What happens is that you come back to the original position
if you go far enough (like travelling on the surface of the balloon).
This is an interpretation of Hubble's law (see below), based on the materialistic view that the Earth doesn't have a unique place
in the universe and therefore can't be at the center of the universe,
which is opposite of what the Hubble's law seems to indicate.
- The temperature dropped due to the expansion, and some of the energy became matter - hydrogen, helium, and a small amount of lithium.
- Some of the hydrogen and helium condensed into stars and galaxies.
- Stars made heavier elements up to iron, which turned into dust.
- Some stars are so massive that they imploded at the end of their life cycle, producing the heavier elements of the periodic table, when they exploded
as a supernova. It's only in a supernova that elements heavier than iron
are created, which also became dust.
- Some of the dust condensed to form planets.
None of these steps have been observed. It's possible to produce matter
from energy, but this doesn't prove that all matter in the universe
has been produced according to these steps. No one has seen a star form.
Explanatory Model
General about the Big Bang Model
A good model meets the following conditions:
- It's relative simple (the fewer assumptions, the better is the model).
- It makes many precise and specific predictions.
The Big Bang model was initially easy to understand, but has become more and more complex as more observations have been made. More and more ad-hoc explanations (rescue devices) have been added to make the model hold together.
Furthermore, it hasn't been able to make any specific prediction.
The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the main prediction for the BB.
But that prediction has some problems, see time 27:40–32:26
in Uh oh! The Big Bang Has Some BIG Problems! - Danny Faulkner, PhD.
That prediction of the CMB isn't particularly specific to the Big Bang model,
as the CMB can also be explained based on the proposed Creation model.
The James Webb Space Telescope
arrive at its destination,
a solar orbit near the Sun-Earth L2
Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, see the video:
What are the Points of Lagrange?
JWST Observations Based on the Big Bang Model
See the following observations from the JWST:
They show that JWST has so far done the following according to the Big Bang model:
It has looked back less than 300 million years after the Big Bang,
which is about 2% of the universe's assumed age of 13.8 billion years.
That's far earlier than the time when large galaxies are thought
to have formed. The first protogalaxies are thought to have formed
about 500 million years after the Big Bang. Merging them
into large galaxies is thought to have taken about a billion years.
The following observations with JWST have been made about these galaxies: - Large galaxies are found less than 300 million years after the Big Bang.
- These galaxies are massive and mature and show
no signs of merging from small protogalaxies. - They have spiral arms that take a long time to randomly form.
- They have smooth spiral disks and neat spirals.
They are ten times more than expected. - Their stars contain heavier elements like oxygen
that take billions of years to form. - There are at least 100,000 times more galaxies at this distance
than predicted.
Too many, too big, and too bright galaxies have been observed
than those that should have had time to form so close after the Big Bang.
We should see the evolution of galaxies, but these ones discovered
are full-fledged disc-shaped galaxies with spiral arms and all.
They have also found some of the heavy elements
that should have taken several generations of stars to form.
The early universe looks like today's universe.
- Time 3:02– 6:59: The discovery.
- Time 7:05–13:42: What it means for traditional cosmology.
- Time 13:43–15:53: What went wrong in the current model?
- Time 15:58–17:38: The result of spectroscopy.
- Time 18:18–20:20: The way forward.
- Time 22:44–24:33: The age of the universe based on LCDM.
JWST Observations Based on the Creation Model
For background, see the Anisotropic Synchrony Model (ASM)
which means that the speed of light is c/2 from us and infinite towards us
(which gives the average speed c). This is in detail explained
in The distant starlight problem in Evidence for a Young Earth.
This doesn't mean that the light from every existing, not hidden star is visible
- Time 5:20–15:37: Functionality of JWST.
- Time 15:38–21:30: What they wanted to achieve.
- Time 21:31–35:04: Results of the observations.
- Time 35:05–37:32: The Cosmological principle.
- Time 37:33–44:06: Atmospheres of Exoplanets.
- Time 31:17–35:32: Secular predictions of JWST results.
- Time 35:33–38:31: Jason's predictions of JWST results.
- Time 38:32–39:32: Jason's prediction of secular response.
- Time 39:33–41:46: The JWST results so far.
- Time 41:47–43:03: The secular response to the JWST results.
- Time 43:04–43:59: The JWST results related to Jason's predictions.
- Time 44:00–58:30: Structure of space is expanding or Doppler shift?
- Time 49:56–53:26: Different predictions of JWST results.
- Time 53:27–54:19: The JWST results so far.
- Time 54:31–55:38: Jason's prediction of secular response.
- Time 55:41–57:57: Questions because of the JWST results.
- Time 58:57–1:03:35: Structure of space is expanding or Doppler shift?
- Time 1:04:49–1:05:48: Is the structure of space expanding?
- Time 1:06:31–1:07:44: Theistic evolution?
- Time 1:08:03–1:09:29: Part 2 of the Doppler shift.
- Time 1:11:20–1:12:44: Part 3 of the Doppler shift.
- Time 1:14:00–1:14:58: Predictions of the Doppler shift.
- Time 1:26:09–1:27:37: What is empty space?
- Time 23:34–27:51: Secular predictions of JWST results.
- Time 27:52–30:02: Jason's predictions of JWST results.
- Time 30:03–31:02: Jason's prediction of secular response.
- Time 31:03–33:48: The JWST results so far.
- Time 33:50–34:37: The secular response to the JWST results.
- Time 34:38–35:32: The JWST results related to predictions.
- Time 36:09–59:11: Structure of space is expanding or Doppler shift?
- Time 1:06:29–1:07:06: Data available for for graph calculations.
- Time 1:07:12–1:08:10: What the secular answers will be.
- Time 1:08:24–1:08:54: Why the graph doesn't start from zero.
- Time 1:09:18–1:10:34: What is empty space?
- Time 1:11:00–1:11:37: How the calculations of the graph are done.
- Time 1:16:38–1:17:06: Why BB requires an expanding space.
- Time 1:17:13–1:19:08: Can galaxies reach the edge of space?
- Time 24:21–28:40: Background to JWST.
- Time 28:59–33:28: Secular predictions of JWST results.
- Time 33:29–35:48: Jason's predictions of JWST results.
- Time 35:50–37:40: Jason's prediction of secular response.
- Time 37:41–43:14: The JWST results so far.
- Time 43:15–44:18: The secular response to the JWST results.
- Time 44:19–48:19: The JWST results related to Jason's predictions.
- Time 57:00–58:36: The motivation to build JWST.
- Time 59:23–1:00:55: Structure of space is expanding or Doppler shift?
- Time 1:01:02–1:02:09: God stretches out the heavens (Isaiah 40:22b).
(See step 5 in The Creation model below.) - Time 1:02:34–1:04:09: Inflation.
- Time 1:05:40–1:07:28: Alien life, see The Fermi Paradox.
- Time 1:07:29–1:09:00: Black hole.
- Time 1:09:09–1:12:49: Dark matter and dark energy.
- Time 1:12:58–1:14:25: Is there star formation or galaxy formation?
Watch the video What We Predicted. What We See:- Time 7:05– 9:02: The biblical predictions.
- Time 11:47–12:23: Are we seeing star formation?
- Time 12:24–14:44: The Robertson-Walker metric.
(See step 5 in The Creation model below.) - Time 16:30–17:30: Stars with heavy elements, part 1.
- Time 17:43–18:51: Stars with heavy elements, part 2.
- Time 34:05–36:01: Dark energy and dark matter.
- Time 37:55–39:47: Stars with heavy elements, part 3.
- Time 43:41–46:25: Primary target with JWST and Earth-like planets.
Anomalies in the Andromeda Galaxy
Dark Matter
- Time 1:08– 4:57: Why dark matter was introduced.
- Time 4:58– 6:01: Its biggest problem.
- Time 6:02– 7:08: AQUAL based on MOND.
- Time 7:09– 9:32: Differences between LCDM and AQUAL.
- Time 9:33–10:07: Problems with AQUAL.
- Time 0:24– 0:55: The difference between dark matter and dark energy.
- Time 0:56– 2:08: What is dark matter?
- Time 2:09– 5:19: What it explains.
- Time 5:20– 7:25: What it doesn't explain.
- Time 7:26– 8:03: What MOND explains.
- Time 8:04– 8:25: What MOND doesn't explain.
- Time 8:26–10:36: A possible merge of dark matter and MOND.
However, it may eventually turn out that dark matter does exist after all,
although it's not fully proven yet, see time 1:03:04–1:04:33: in Dr Jason Lisle JWST.
Dark Energy
Dark energy is an attempt to explain an accelerating
expansion of space in the universe. The theory of
dark energy has therefore been added. It's an unobserved type of energy said to make up 68 percent of the universe. It's believed to create an accelerating expansion of space
in the universe. There are no observation or evidence that it really exists. See more about this up until time 4:38 in
Dark Energy Is Not Real, New Data Analysis Finds venting.
Scientific Problems with the Big Bang Model
The Big Bang model has also the following scientific problems (among others):
- Where did all the content of the singularity come from?
- How can a singularity contain the contents of the entire universe,
see time 2:07:55–2:11:12
in "Astronomy Reveals Creation" with Dr. Jason Lisle.
- Why did the singularity explode despite all the gravitational forces,
see time 2:14:42–2:16:15
in "Astronomy Reveals Creation" with Dr. Jason Lisle.
- The baryon number problem. Every time we make matter from energy
in the laboratory, we get an equal amount of antimatter.
Where is all the antimatter?
- The monopole problem. Magnetic monopoles (particles with a single polarity) should exist throughout the universe. None found, which is according to Gauss's law for magnetism, see time 3:29–4:16
in Why is the speed of light what it is? Maxwell equations visualized.
- The flatness problem. The expansion rate of the universe
is extremely finely balanced with gravity. The universe is extremely flat,
which is theoretical impossible if it expands from a single point. After
13.8 million years of expansion, the universe shouldn't be as flat as it is.
- The horizon problem. The CMB has very even temperature,
but light can't travel that far in the time allowed. For something
to be so uniformed, the different parts must be able to communicate
with each other according to the laws of nature. - The Cosmological lithium problem. The most widely accepted models
of the Big Bang suggest that three times as much primordial lithium,
in particular lithium-7, should exist. See it explained in these videos: - The Anthropic Principle describes the fine-tuning of the universe.
Scientific evidence proves that the universe is perfectly designed
for life to exist on Earth, see The Fine-Tuning of the Universe.
See also time 45:04–47:47 in Was the Universe Designed? . . .. - If BB is true then there should be life elsewhere in the universe
with its billions of stars and probably even more planets. There is absolutely no evidence that aliens exist, see The Fermi Paradox. - Life always arises from existing life. According to BB, life must have at some point spontaneously arisen from non-life (spontaneous generation). This first organism must have been equipped with a reproductive system, which means that it must have had a high level of complexity right
from the start. There is no evidence whatsoever for this. - There is no naturalistic theory of how the laws of nature arose.
The laws of nature can't have been created by natural laws because
there were no natural laws at all before they first arose. Laws of nature
are also information, and information doesn't come about by itself,
see What is Information? This implies a Creator behind these laws. - It's reasonable to believe that a Creator doesn't allow any system in the universe that breaks down the mathematics of which he is the Creator, such as a singularity. If so, there can't be or hasn't been a singularity.
- There is no naturalistic model that explains the origin of matter/energy. These laws of nature mean that matter/energy must have been created
by a Creator who exists outside the universe but who interferes with it,
see this further explained from time 3:10 in Origins: Who Made God?
- The law of Causality teaches that every effect has a cause. Since the origin of the universe is the effect of something, a cause is required. See the animated video Leibniz’ Contingency Argument.
- The First law of thermodynamics shows that matter and energy don't create themselves out of nothing. The total amount of matter/energy is all the time constant in the universe.
- The Second law of thermodynamics shows that the usable energy
is constantly decreasing; our universe can't have existed forever.
- BB assumes that space in the universe is expanding, which isn't the case:
Inflation has been proposed as a rescue device for some of the problems. It's an additional set of assumptions where the universe started expanding at a very accelerated rate and then went back to the normal rate of expansion. This could potentially reduce or eliminate the monopole, flatness, and horizon problems.
But it has its own problems like what would cause it and how to turn it off gracefully.
There is no evidence for inflation, which means it's not science but philosophy.
For detailed information on this, see the following two videos:
The many problems with the BB make a naturalistic model of the creation
of the universe impossible. It requires the existence of several
unnatural phenomena, such as the emergence of natural laws,
matter/energy, life, and genetic information. To avoid these problems and claim that "the laws of nature break down" if one looks far enough back to the creation
of the universe (as many cosmologists do) only emphasizes that
the universe has a personal supernatural origin
that has designed these natural laws and entities.
There can't be a purely naturalistic model of the origin of the universe.
The scientific evidence doesn't point in the direction of BB,
but rather clearly speaks of a supernatural creation,
by someone who must be a personal God, see the The Trinity.
Cosmology
Physics, of which cosmology is a part, isn't based on human intuition
or fantasy storytelling, but on facts, physical observations, and experiments.
This is then interpreted, based on people's worldview.
My worldview is that the universe came into being through creation
and not by chance by itself. Since everything was good from the beginning
when the universe was created according to the Bible (Gen 1:31),
it's my belief that God created the stars and galaxies in a mature state
just as he created man, see The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man.
My intention is to explain the creation of the universe based on a biblical worldview, as described at times 12:08–13:27, 32:27–36:07 in In the Beginning - Genesis 1:1.
King Solomon, who was the wisest man on Earth, said: "It is the glory of God
to conceal things, but the glory of kings is to search things out." (Proverbs 25:2).
The Universe has a Center
Note that there is no evidence that the universe has no center.
It is a philosophical assumption that has been made based on what BB is based on,
which is a materialistic, atheistic worldview, based on secular humanism.
If it turns out to be wrong, then today's version of BB is wrong.
If it turns out that the universe has a center, and that the Earth,
our solar system and our galaxy are located near this center,
then it is easy to wonder who placed these celestial bodies near the center
of our universe. From the Bible, one gets the impression that man and the Earth
have a central place in the universe.
When measuring the redshift of various objects, it has been noted that the redshift
is quantified. It turns out that the universe is somewhat like an onion with shells around a center, where the distance between each shell has a fixed value.
Near this center are the Earth, our solar system and our galaxy.
If the Earth was further away from this center, you wouldn't get
this quantified redshift, which means that this quantification
of the redshift places our galaxy near the center of the universe.
This is proof that the assumption that the universe has no center is wrong,
which means that today's version of BB is wrong. For detailed information,
see time 5:40–19:04 in the video The Center of the Universe.
The Cosmological Principle
BB is based on something called the Cosmological principle. It means that the universe is homogeneous (equal in all parts) and isotropic (equal in all directions).
However, observations show that this isn't the case.
The universe isn't homogeneous: It's "lumpy", it contains stars, galaxies,
galaxy clusters, which clump together instead of being evenly spread out.
The universe isn't isotropic: The direction of rotation of galaxies isn't random.
See this described in these videos: CMB
Satellites with various measuring instruments have been sent up into space
to more accurately measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB),
which is about 2.7 degrees Kelvin. With these measuring instruments,
they have measured cold spots and hot spots in the CMB.
These should be randomly distributed if the Big Bang model is correct.
The observations show that these cold spots and hot spots form patterns throughout the universe. Not only that, these patterns form two planes,
called the "Axis of Evil", because they contradict the Big Bang model.
- A plane perpendicular to the plane
that forms the rotation of the Earth
around the sun (ecliptic). The ecliptic
is a plane, 23.4 degrees relative
to the celestial equator.
- A plane that the Earth's equator
forms when the plane passes
through the center of the sun.
It occurs at the vernal equinox (20/3)
and at the autumnal equinox (23/9).
Since it was hard to believe in these observations (due to BB), the Planck satellite was postponed in 2009, with even more
sensitive instruments whose measurements were made by other people.
It provided even more detailed results and confirmed the previous measurements.
For detailed information, see Why is the solar system cosmically aligned?
See also these videos:
The Creation Model
The principle of Occam's razor is sometimes paraphrased as:
"Of two competing theories, the simpler explanation of an entity is to be preferred."
A more logical and less complex (simpler) explanation than the Big Bang model
is this Creation model, which is based on a biblical worldview.
- God existed before the universe came into being as an eternal, spaceless, timeless, and personal being, see What Existed Before the Big Bang? . . ..
See who God is and did "before" this creation, at time 18:48–29:52
in Before The Beginning, At The Beginning - Genesis 1:1-2.
See also The Order between Jesus and the Father in the Trinity. - The laws of nature came from God, see The Trinity,
who is the lawgiver, see What is Information? and Math in the Bible. - The universe came into being through the creation of God, who is the creator,
and not by itself, see Evidence for Creation. Everything was created
through Jesus as the Logos (Word) (John 1:1–3, 14), who spoke the universe
into reality (Gen 1:3, 6–7, 9, 11, 14–15, 20–21, 24, 26–27, Heb 11:3),
see Jesus is the Creator in Jesus is God. Since the universe was created
by this God who is the lawgiver, it operates according to the laws of nature.
Note also that God is the only one who can create something out of nothing.
"By faith we understand that the universe was created by the Word of God,
so that what is seen was not made out of things that are visible."
(Heb 11:3 (ESV)). See this explained at time 3:59–9:19 in
Hebrews 11 (Part 2) :2-7 • Without Faith it is Impossible to Please God.
Out of nothing, nothing can come without a cause. It's then reasonable
that a transcendent cause brought the universe into existence. One explanation has been that through quantum mechanics, particles can be created from quantum fluctuations in quantum vacuum, without a cause. But quantum vacuum isn't nothing, it gets weaker with time and isn't
the origin of the universe. Quantum vacuum has a beginning in itself. See time 22:21–23:51 in The Hardest Questions on the Kalam Cosmological Argument.
This model doesn't need a singularity at the beginning of the universe.
There is no need for a multiverse to have a fine-tuned universe that allows life.
It doesn't require billions of years to create the Earth and life.
- God first created the Earth and the space needed for it (Gen 1:1–2).
The Earth was created to contain life (Isaiah 45:18).
See Gen 1 (first chapter) explained at time 26:40–37:24
in the video Understanding Genesis || Guest Speaker Dr. Jason Lisle.
The Gap theory (in Gen 1:1–2) is dismissed in that video at time 37:48–40:28.
Gen 1:1–2 (NASB20) can also be seen as an example of Parallelism,
see time 8:42–11:57 in Hebrew Poetry Update.
Personally, I believe that Gen 1:1 is an introductory summary of Gen 1,
see time 23:28–24:32 in Danny Faulkner - Biblical Cosmology:
The Firmament and the Waters Above the Heavens.
- Space was stretched out rapidly by God symmetrically from the Earth
(Gen 1:6–8, Isaiah 42:5a, Psalm 148:4). This universe was then without
celestial bodies. The universe was, and still is, surrounded by liquid water, which generated and still generates the CMB that we can measure according to the third major set of thermodynamics. See this explained
(especially at time 19:04–23:32) in Origins: The Firmament of Genesis 1.
"The expanse" (heaven) is explained at time 4:13–14:14 in that video.
This expansion of space was at the beginning of the creation (day two).
There is no such expansion of space in the universe anymore
(Isaiah 40:22b, 42:5a, 44:24b, 48:13, Psalm 104:2b), see these videos: - Then; sun, moon, stars, and other celestial bodies were placed by God
in this universe (Gen 1:14–19, day four). They were placed with the proper mass, location, and motion to sustain life on Earth (Gen 8:22, Isaiah 45:18).
God created the galaxies fully formed (massive and well structured)
from the very beginning. Even galaxies with spiral arms existed from
the beginning with detectable heavy elements. Everything was perfectly created (Gen 1:31a), and therefore contained no signs of evolution.
The universe came into being very quickly as seen from Earth.
Telescopes observe galaxies as they look today, not as they looked in the past, see The Distant Starlight Problem in Evidence for a Young Earth
and JWST Observations Based on the Creation Model described above. - God created man and woman at the beginning of creation (Mark 10:6, day 6), see The Origin of Man.
- This universe has both an edge (surrounded by liquid water) and a center,
with our galaxy (The Milky Way) located at the center of the universe,
see chapter The Universe has a Center in this article
and time 21:32–24:38 in the video The Center of the Universe.
This makes it reasonable and plausible to assume that life only exists on Earth
in the entire universe. This can be seen as something the Creation model predicts,
see The Fermi Paradox and The Basics of Understanding the Christian Faith.
Differences Between the Models
Big Bang Model
- Nothing existed before the Big Bang.
- The laws of nature came about by chance, by themselves.
- From absolutely nothing, initiated by nothing, the universe became,
through an explosion of a singularity.
- The CMB is a remnant of the explosion.
- The universe has no edge.
- The universe has no center.
- The stars came to be before the Earth.
- Earth has no specific location in the universe.
- The structure of space of the universe is still expanding.
- The universe spontaneously began to form about 13.8 billion years ago.
- The Earth is about 4.5 billion years old.
- Humans have only existed on Earth for about 200,000 years.
Creation Model
- God existed before the universe came into being. God is eternal,
see The Order between Jesus and the Father in the Trinity. - The laws of nature were created by a lawgiver, by God,
see What is Information? and Math in the Bible.
- God created the universe in six days. Jesus spoke it into existence.
- God created the Earth before he created the stars.
- The structure of space expanded on day two. It's no longer expanding.
- The sun, moon, stars, and other celestial bodies were placed
by God in this universe on day four. they were directly visible from Earth,
see The Distant Starlight Problem in Evidence for a Young Earth. - God created man and woman on day 6, that is,
at the beginning of creation (Mark 10:6), see The Origin of Man.
- The CMB comes from liquid water surrounding the universe,
according to the third major set of thermodynamics.
This means that the universe has an edge.
- The universe has a center, see chapter The Universe has a Center
and time 21:32–24:38 in the video The Center of the Universe.
- The galaxy of which Earth is a part, is located at the center of the universe.
- The universe was created less than 10,000 years ago,
see time 31:28–49:20 in Science Confirms Biblical Creation | Dr. Jason Lisle.
Space and Time
My belief is that only life can create life. Life can't arise spontaneously
from non-life. Pasteurization is based on this assumption, and it works. Time
(according to our definition) requires space to exist. Likewise, space and time
can't arise unless there is a spaceless, timeless, and personal Creator, see:
The Bible describes God’s Heaven. In 2 Cor 12:2–4, Paul the Apostle
describes an event when he was temporarily caught up to the third Heaven.
A Greek view at that time was that these heavens consisted of:
(1) the atmosphere, (2) the sky with the stars, and (3) the Heaven
where God dwells. Acts 1:9–11 describes how Jesus was taken up
into (the third) Heaven. God in the Bible is eternal, and there is
a Heaven where God lives, see God's Throne in Heaven.
It was from that Heaven that God created the universe,
see The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man.According to Nehemiah, it appears that God also created the Heaven
where he lives: "You are the LORD, you alone. You have made heaven,
the Heaven of heavens, with all their host, the Earth and all that is on it,
the seas and all that is in them; and you preserve all of them;
and the host of Heaven worships you." (Neh 9:6 (ESV)).
According to the Big Bang model, there was no space, mass, or energy before
the Big Bang. Not even time, see The Moment Before The Big Bang. There was absolutely nothing before the Big Bang, not even quantum fluctuations, see time 22:21–23:51 in The Hardest Questions on the Kalam Cosmological Argument.
But then another universe can't have existed either. How do they explain that this first universe we live in is so improbably calibrated? And how could this universe have come into existence at all through the Big Bang, if absolutely nothing existed before it, neither space, time, nor anything that could generate it? See these times: Many Big Bang followers believe in the multiverse. It's a concept that describes
a worldview of many or infinitely many universes, or an infinite collection
of parallel universes. These people consider it unreasonable that nothing exists outside our universe, that our universe is the only universe that exists.
The reason for this is that the laws of nature in our universe
are so carefully calibrated to allow life, that the probability of our universe
arising spontaneously is considered negligible, see The Fine-Tuning of the Universe.
If, on the other hand, new universes with different versions
of the laws of nature continue to appear, a universe like ours would eventually arise,
see What existed before the Big Bang? Since the multiverse can't be proven,
this isn't science but philosophy. But even if the multiverse exists,
God exists, see these videos explaining that: But the laws of nature are information, and information doesn't arise
by itself by chance, see What is Information? See this explained further
Summary
Everything has a beginning (except God). Everything must come from something that already exists. This means that there must be some unique and supernatural entity (God) who didn't arise from nothing, who is eternal and self-existent,
and who is the one who gave rise to everything, see God Is Spirit and The Trinity.
Since the universe has a beginning, it requires a Creator, that is, God,
see the Law of causality and these short animated videos: - Time 2:03–2:40: Definition of the Kalam Cosmological Argument.
- Time 3:39–8:04: Can anything come out of nothing without a cause?
- Time 8:05–8:54: Can we rely on intuition in metaphysics?
- Time 8:58–11:05: Is there a beginning of the universe?
- Time 11:09–12:02: The metaphysical concept of time.
- Time 12:19–13:01: The Law of causality.
- Time 13:18–16:14: Can there be a timeless cause?
- Time 16:40–20:58: Could the universe have existed infinitely?
- Time 22:21–23:51: Can quantum fluctuations exist without cause?
- Time 23:55–33:26: More about an infinite universe (complicated).
- Time 38:15–45:00: Why God is the cause of the universe.
- Time 45:05–46:41: Why this matters.
The proposed Creation model is contradicted neither by the Bible nor
by observations. It has a universe with a center, with our galaxy at the center. - Time 23:28–24:32: The biblical creation (Gen 1:1).
- Time 17:25–19:43: Day two in the creation (Gen 1:6–8).
- Time 25:19–32:23: The expansion of space and CMB (Gen 1:6–8).
- Time 32:46–34:39: Why day two wasn't declared good.
- Time 39:55–41:43: The "Axis of Evil", see chapter CMB.
- Time 41:48–47:03: See The Fermi Paradox.
A Big Bang, an explosion, always results in chaos, not organisation or information.
Although the purpose of the Bible isn't to be a scientific book but to get to know God,
it provides accurate scientific information about our universe, such as:
- "It is he who sits above the circle of the Earth, and its inhabitants
are like grasshoppers; who stretches out the heavens like a curtain,
and spreads them like a tent to dwell in;" (Isaiah 40:22 (ESV)). - "As the host of Heaven cannot be numbered and the sands of the sea cannot be measured, so I will multiply the offspring of David my servant, and the Levitical priests who minister to me." (Jer 33:22 (ESV)).
- "In the beginning you laid the foundations of the Earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands. They will perish, but you remain; they will all wear out like a garment. Like clothing you will change them and they will be discarded." See A New Heaven and a New Earth.
(Psalm 102:25–26 (26–27 in some translations) (NIV)). - "He made the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, And the chambers
of the south; He does great things past finding out,
Yes, wonders without number." (Job 9:9-10 (NKJV)). - King David wrote: "The heavens declare the glory of God,
and the sky above proclaims his handiwork."
(Psalm 19:1b (ESV) (2 in some translations)). See these videos:
Jesus said: "But from the beginning of creation,
'God made them male and female.'" (Mark 10:6 (ESV)). See The Origin of Man.
See also the origin of modern statements at the end of The Book of Job, which, along with Genesis and the creation accounts is believed to be the oldest book in the Bible.
For more information see:
