without purpose and meaning according to a naturalistic worldview.
Within such a worldview, assuming there is no God intervening in creation,
there is no alternative but a universe and diversity of life
that have created themselves, purely by chance and by nature.
According to these people, evolution between kinds must therefore be a fact.
The theory of evolution is the creation story of materialism and naturalism.
It's based on the fact that random changes in DNA; mutations, have the ability
to create a raw material in the form of changed genes that code for changed
characteristics. The changes that make individuals in the next generation
of organisms better adapted to their habitats will be favored in natural selection.
This can then ultimately produce not only new species but also new kinds
of biological life, so-called Macroevolution. But this can't work, see
time 0:58-5:46 in Frank Turek Unpacks the 4 BEST Arguments Against Evolution.
Note that natural selection (survival of the fittest) exists,
but not as described in the theory of evolution, and it's not the same as evolution.
Natural selection always leads to the erosion or loss of genetic information, not to the creation of new genetic information. Either by sorting out genetics that
are disadvantaged in a specific environment, or by mutations doing the same thing.
See natural selection described at:
We know that mutations cause cancer and genetic defects and contribute
to the aging of our bodies. The mutations must be able to deliver new traits
that express themselves in new characteristics that natural selection selects for,
that provide advantages and then not only in extreme situations. These mutations are quite impossible to find in nature.
Mutations are overwhelmingly a downward process where genetic information is lost. Something which, of course, can be an advantage in extreme situations.
Mutations can't explain the information in our genome that contains information about how the information itself should be used and controlled.
It's called metadata and can only be explained by an intelligent act of creation.
All animals and plants can be divided into basic kinds. The organisms
within the basic kinds can, in most cases, mate with each other and usually
produce fertile offspring. We often see a lot of variation within a basic kind,
new species can arise. But these variations don't arise due to mutations,
but to how the genetic code is combined in a specific environment.
We see limits to how large these variations can be. They never go
from one basic kind to another, neither in nature nor in fossils.
When a fossil is found in the geological layers, the organism in its main features resembles its modern descendants. This is true all the way
from the Cambrian strata up through the series of strata, but also further down,
in the strata called the Precambrian strata. There is no support in the fossils
that there has been a development from one basic kind to another.
The biblical view is that God created the different basic kinds,
and afterwards we have seen a variation within each basic kind
based on how the genes have been combined and not due to mutations.
In summary, the theory of evolution isn't proven. It's quite disproved, see:
- Time 29:02–43:55 in This Video DISMANTLES Darwinian Evolution.
- Time 19:45–43:37 in Dr Robert Carter: Evolution's Achilles' Heels.
DNA contains information. One problem is to explain how information can arise without any intelligence, see What is Information? Chance has an admittedly strong tendency to destroy information where it exists. The most common is that variation is created through the traits the individual inherits from their parents. It's not possible to turn a microbe into a human, or even into another kind of microbe,
by simply mixing what is already there. It requires that qualitatively new traits for completely new characteristics are added, and this is assumed to happen through
mutations according to the thteory of evolution. What isn't often mentioned is that
a mutated microorganism has to pay a high price in terms of inferior genetic mass, which means that it's invariably eliminated in a more normal environment
in competition with microorganism of the original kind. See time 43:46–52:37
(describes genetics) in Dr Robert Carter: Evolution's Achilles' Heels.
by simply mixing what is already there. It requires that qualitatively new traits for completely new characteristics are added, and this is assumed to happen through
mutations according to the thteory of evolution. What isn't often mentioned is that
a mutated microorganism has to pay a high price in terms of inferior genetic mass, which means that it's invariably eliminated in a more normal environment
in competition with microorganism of the original kind. See time 43:46–52:37
(describes genetics) in Dr Robert Carter: Evolution's Achilles' Heels.
We know that mutations cause cancer and genetic defects and contribute
to the aging of our bodies. The mutations must be able to deliver new traits
that express themselves in new characteristics that natural selection selects for,
that provide advantages and then not only in extreme situations. These mutations are quite impossible to find in nature.
Mutations are overwhelmingly a downward process where genetic information is lost. Something which, of course, can be an advantage in extreme situations.
Mutations can't explain the information in our genome that contains information about how the information itself should be used and controlled.
It's called metadata and can only be explained by an intelligent act of creation.
All animals and plants can be divided into basic kinds. The organisms
within the basic kinds can, in most cases, mate with each other and usually
produce fertile offspring. We often see a lot of variation within a basic kind,
new species can arise. But these variations don't arise due to mutations,
but to how the genetic code is combined in a specific environment.
We see limits to how large these variations can be. They never go
from one basic kind to another, neither in nature nor in fossils.
When a fossil is found in the geological layers, the organism in its main features resembles its modern descendants. This is true all the way
from the Cambrian strata up through the series of strata, but also further down,
in the strata called the Precambrian strata. There is no support in the fossils
that there has been a development from one basic kind to another.
The biblical view is that God created the different basic kinds,
and afterwards we have seen a variation within each basic kind
based on how the genes have been combined and not due to mutations.
We can see a lot of similarities between different kinds of animals.
This is in evolutionary theory called homology if the similarities
are assumed to be due to being inherited from a common ancestor,
but is called homoplasy or convergent evolution if it's understood that
the evolutionary process has converged towards the same design independently.
An unresolved problem with this is that the embryonic development
of so-called homologous structures, such as similar fingers, thumbs, and toes,
is often very different. In terms of convergent evolution, some scientists believe
that the eye, which is highly complex, has evolved independently about 60 times, and the highly complex C4 photosynthesis has evolved independently more than
30 times. The Christian view of this is that these similarities exist because we all have the same Creator and we live in the same ecological system. This Creator
has sometimes reused the same features in different animals and in humans and sometimes added other features in a similar way as we do in human engineering.
Antibiotic resistance is usually presented as an example of ongoing evolution. Resistance occurs when an existing system is modified (usually by something breaking down), or when genes are transmitted from bacteria that already have them. Nothing new has been created. Therefore, it's wrong to call it an ongoing
evolution. Natural selection can favor the resistant bacteria when there are a lot
of antibiotics around, but disadvantage them in an environment without antibiotics.
It has been presented as truth that it took millions of years for fossil fuels such as oil and gas to form from algae and plants. Scientists can now convert algae into crude oil in less than an hour. This process shows that heat and pressure are sufficient
for oil to form in an extremely short time. Buried plant material exposed to heat and pressure can first form carbon, which can also form in a short time. The carbon can then be converted to oil if it's exposed to even higher temperatures and pressures.
All dogs are descended from a wolf-like ancestor. This ancestor had the genetic
diversity that allowed humans to breed different breeds of dogs. There are currently over 200 different breeds of dogs. Mixed breeds are less prone to disease because
a healthy copy of a gene usually dominates over a defective one. Breeding between two purebred dogs from two different breeds usually produces a much healthier offspring than breeding within one's own breed. The mixed breeds will have fewer cases of disease and also have a longer life expectancy. Extreme breeding with the aim of obtaining certain desirable traits has made dogs more susceptible to disease. Modern dog breeds have become very genetically depleted. This can explain why God prohibited marriage between close relatives from the days of Moses onwards (Lev (3 Mos) 18:6). Mutations can be a consequence of the Fall
(see The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man). In the beginning all was very good
(Gen (1 Mos) 1:31), implying that no bad mutations existed at that time.
Therefore, it was OK to marry close relatives before the time of Moses.
This is in evolutionary theory called homology if the similarities
are assumed to be due to being inherited from a common ancestor,
but is called homoplasy or convergent evolution if it's understood that
the evolutionary process has converged towards the same design independently.
An unresolved problem with this is that the embryonic development
of so-called homologous structures, such as similar fingers, thumbs, and toes,
is often very different. In terms of convergent evolution, some scientists believe
that the eye, which is highly complex, has evolved independently about 60 times, and the highly complex C4 photosynthesis has evolved independently more than
30 times. The Christian view of this is that these similarities exist because we all have the same Creator and we live in the same ecological system. This Creator
has sometimes reused the same features in different animals and in humans and sometimes added other features in a similar way as we do in human engineering.
Antibiotic resistance is usually presented as an example of ongoing evolution. Resistance occurs when an existing system is modified (usually by something breaking down), or when genes are transmitted from bacteria that already have them. Nothing new has been created. Therefore, it's wrong to call it an ongoing
evolution. Natural selection can favor the resistant bacteria when there are a lot
of antibiotics around, but disadvantage them in an environment without antibiotics.
It has been presented as truth that it took millions of years for fossil fuels such as oil and gas to form from algae and plants. Scientists can now convert algae into crude oil in less than an hour. This process shows that heat and pressure are sufficient
for oil to form in an extremely short time. Buried plant material exposed to heat and pressure can first form carbon, which can also form in a short time. The carbon can then be converted to oil if it's exposed to even higher temperatures and pressures.
All dogs are descended from a wolf-like ancestor. This ancestor had the genetic
diversity that allowed humans to breed different breeds of dogs. There are currently over 200 different breeds of dogs. Mixed breeds are less prone to disease because
a healthy copy of a gene usually dominates over a defective one. Breeding between two purebred dogs from two different breeds usually produces a much healthier offspring than breeding within one's own breed. The mixed breeds will have fewer cases of disease and also have a longer life expectancy. Extreme breeding with the aim of obtaining certain desirable traits has made dogs more susceptible to disease. Modern dog breeds have become very genetically depleted. This can explain why God prohibited marriage between close relatives from the days of Moses onwards (Lev (3 Mos) 18:6). Mutations can be a consequence of the Fall
(see The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man). In the beginning all was very good
(Gen (1 Mos) 1:31), implying that no bad mutations existed at that time.
Therefore, it was OK to marry close relatives before the time of Moses.
- Time 0:25– 1:38: Fossil.
- Time 1:39– 2:33: Explosion of biological forms.
- Time 2:34– 3:48: Information.
- Time 3:49– 4:38: Neo-Darwinism doesn't work.
- Time 4:41– 5:03: Mutation/Natural selection.
- Time 5:08– 5:33: Unanswered questions.
- Time 5:41– 7:26: What the science really says.
- Time 6:43–11:30: Kind/Species, see The Flood at the Time of Noah.
- Time 11:31–19:49: Variation based on DNA and genes.
- Time 19:50–25:37: Natural selection.
- Time 25:38–35:20: Mutation.
- Time 35:21–39:13: Information theory, see What is Information?
- Time 39:14–41:49: Information in DNA.
- Time 41:50–42:47: Intelligent extraterrestrial life, see The Fermi Paradox.
- Time 42:48–51:42: Dating, see Errors in the Radiometric Dating Methods.
- Time 51:43–53:22: Salt and seafloor mud accumulation in the oceans.
- Time 53:23–53:51: Human population, see The Origin of Man.
- Time 53:52–54:22: Genesis, see The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man.
- Time 54:23–59:06: Fossil.
- Time 59:07–1:02:13:Rocks, see Errors in the Radiometric Dating Methods.
- Time 1:10:23–1:13:59:The meaning of the word Evolution.
- Time 1:18:59–1:21:48:Magnetic fields, see Evidence for a Young Earth.
- Time 1:22:10–1:24:30:More on radiometric dating.
- Time 1:24:37–1:25:41:The Christmas Star.
- Time 1:50:41–1:51:30:Epigenetics.
- Time 1:51:53–1:53:03:Supercontinent.
The origin of life is incorrectly described in the theory of evolution.
See it at time 52:42–1:00:55 in Dr Robert Carter: Evolution's Achilles' Heels.
See it at time 52:42–1:00:55 in Dr Robert Carter: Evolution's Achilles' Heels.
Science and morality are inadequately described in the theory of evolution.
In summary, the theory of evolution isn't proven. It's quite disproved, see:
See also Evidence for Creation.
