Which Version of the Old Testament did Jesus Use?

Old Testament (OT) translations are based on one 
of the following three groups of basic texts, which differ from each other:

1. Masoretic Text
2. Samaritan Pentateuch
3. Septuagint

There are also variations within the groups that have increased over time.
Most of the variations are negligible, and none affects salvation 
or the Christian faith, but the variations are there. The Christian doctrines 
aren't affected by the variations within or between the groups.

The Masoretic Text is written in Hebrew and Aramaic. It was primarily copied 
by a group of Jews sometime between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. 
The oldest known complete copy is the Leningrad Codex, copied about 1008 AD. 
It's not the original text of the Hebrew Bible, as it has never been found. 
It's based on an earlier Proto-Masoretic Text (proto = what was before), 
which existed before the birth of Jesus. The Masoretic Text was used as the basis for the translation of the OT into Protestant Bibles such as the King James Version (KJV) and the American Standard Version (ASV), and for almost every English translation since then. The Vulgate was revised in the light of the Masoretic Text 
in the 16th century, and (after 1943) for some versions of Catholic Bibles 
that replaced the Vulgate translation. However, note that for some of the verses,
these Bible translations also use the Septuagint translation. 

There is also a Syriac (Peshitta) translation, the Samaritan Pentateuch.
It contains the Tora (Pentateuch or Five Books of Moses), that is, the books: 
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
It's written in Samaritan and was used by the Samaritans during the time of Jesus.

The Septuagint is a Greek translation, about 1000 years older than the 
Masoretic Text. It was translated into Greek based on proto-Hebrew texts around 250 BC, by ​​about 70 (probably 72) Jewish scholars, and was used 
in the synagogues around the world, see the video The Septuagint (LXX).

The Septuagint also includes the Apocrypha, which aren't part of the OT used by protestant churches, and aren't covered by this article. The Apocrypha shouldn't be part of the OT because its books were written apart from the inspiration of the Holy Spirit and contain contradictions to the Bible, see Misconceptions and Objections and time 4:14–6:15 in What BIBLE TRANSLATION should you READ as a CHRISTIAN?

The Septuagint is the version of the OT used by most Jews outside of Israel 
at the time of Jesus, because they didn't understand Hebrew but spoke Greek. Greek was then more widespread than it is today, which means that the Septuagint
could easily be used to spread the gospel. Both the OT and NT were then read 
in Greek. Where the NT quoted texts in the OT, you could see the same words in both places. Hebrew was a pretty dead language at that time. One might suspect that God prepared the coming of Jesus by having the Septuagint available in Greek, translated 250 years earlier. Note, however, that Paul could understand and speak Hebrew (or in a Hebrew dialect (probably Aramaic)): Acts 26:14 says that 
Jesus spoke in Hebrew (probably Aramaic) to Paul when Jesus appeared to him, 
and Acts 22:2 says that Paul spoke in Hebrew (probably Aramaic). 

At the time of Jesus, the Septuagint was used by both Christians and Jews. 
By the first century, Christians were using the Septuagint as the OT. 
This led the Jewish leaders to decide that only the Proto-Masoretic Text should 
be used in the synagogues, largely because they didn't accept Jesus as Messiah. The Septuagint was no longer allowed to be used by the Jews. They accused the Septuagint of being a mistranslation based on an earlier Proto-Masoretic Text. That the quotations in the NT are better suited to the Septuagint than 
to the Masoretic Text was explained by the fact that it was easier to preach 
the gospel if one quoted from the version that was more widely used, which was the Septuagint. This isn't true. There were different proto-texts used when the Septuagint was prepared compared to when the Masoretic Text was prepared, 
as evidenced when proto-texts in the form of the Dead Sea Scrolls found 
1000 years later. However, this led to the Christians using the Septuagint 
and the Jews using the Proto-Masoretic Text in the second century. 
All Jewish versions of the Septuagint were destroyed. 
The Hebrew proto-texts for the Septuagint were long gone. 
Only Christian versions of the Septuagint survived. The only Hebrew 
proto-texts left in 250 AD were those that supported the Masoretic Text.

The variations in the copies based on the Septuagint increased as the Christians
weren't as careful in copying the texts as the Jews were in copying the
Proto-Masoretic Text. There were no commas, periods, or quotation marks
in the Greek and Hebrew texts which made the copying extra difficult. 
In the 5'th century there were even two subgroups of the Septuagint. 
The Jews then claimed to have the original Hebrew texts.

Around the year 382, ​​Pope Damasus I commissioned Jerome to translate the Bible into Latin, in order to replace the various existing versions into a unified text. 
Jerome decided to use the Proto-Masoretic Text. This Bible translation into Latin 
was named the Vulgate and became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church during the 16th century. The Septuagint thus disappeared from the Western church but remained in the Greek Orthodox Church. 

 

When Luther translated the Bible into German, he used the Masoretic Text. 
When translating King James Version (KJV), the Masoretic Text was used.

For information on the Septuagint background, see the video
Why You Should Use the Septuagint (time 3:45–16:20).

The Textus Receptus is a Greek text for the New Testament (NT). It's based on most
of the text findings that were then available, most with a Byzantine background of the 8th century. It came to be known as the Majority text. Even today, many Bibles
are translated based on Textus Receptus, such as the King James Version (KJV), 
New King James Version (NKJV), and in Swedish: Charles XII's Bible, "Reformationsbibeln", and King James Bible in Swedish. Swedish translations after Charles XII's Bible are, apart from the "Reformationsbibeln", not based on 
Textus Receptus. This text isn't treated further because it only concerns the NT.

The Bible references below contain texts in the NT that refer to texts in the OT. The New King James Version (NKJV), which is based on the Masoretic Text, 
has been used in these references. They are examples of Bible passages in 
the NT and OT that disagree. They agree better if using the Septuagint (LXX). The Septuagint agrees better with the quotations in the NT than the Masoretic Text does. Note, however, that for some of the verses, the NKJV uses the Septuagint.

• Heb 1:6, Deuteronomy (5 Mos) 32:43
• Heb 10:5, Psalm 40:6 (7 in some translations) 
  (Psalms 39:7(6) in LXX (page 26))
• Heb 11:21, Gen (1 Mos) 47:31
• Heb 13:6, Psalm 118:6 (Psalms 117(118):6 in LXX (page 65))
• Rom 2:24, Isaiah 52:5
• Rom 9:27, Isaiah 10:22
• Rom 11:9, Psalm 69:22 (23 in some translations)
  (Psalms 68(69):23(22) in LXX (page 40))
• Rom 15:12, Isaiah 11:10
• Gal 3:13, Deuteronomy (5 Mos) 21:23
• James 4:6, Proverbs 3:34
• 1 Pet 2:22, Isaiah 53:9
• 1 Pet 4:18, Proverbs 11:31
• Acts 7:14, Gen (1 Mos) 46:27, Exodus (2 Mos) 1:5)
  (they were 75 persons not 70), see time 12:06–15:30 in
  Dead Sea Scrolls: The Shocking Evidence for the Septuagint!
• Acts 8:33, Isaiah 53:8
• Luke 4:18, Isaiah 61:1
• John 6:31, Psalm 78:24 (Psalms 77(78):24 in LXX (page 45))
• Mat 2:6, Micah 5:2 (Michaias 5:2 in LXX (page 22))
• Mat 4:4, Deuteronomy (5 Mos) 8:3
• Mat 12:20–21, Isaiah 42:3–4
• Mat 15:7–9, Isaiah 29:13
• Mat 21:16, Psalm 8:2 (3 in some translations) 
  (Psalms 8:3(2) in LXX (page 9))
• Mat 2:18, Jer 31:15 (Ieremias 38:15 in LXX (page 39))
• Mat 3:3, Isaiah 40:3 (it's not "a highway for our God")
• Mat 1:22–23, Isaiah 7:14 (Septuagint: "Virgin", 
  Masoretic Text: "Young woman"), see The Virgin Birth
• Mat 13:15, Isaiah 6:10 (compare with John 12:40 below)

See also the video Why You Should Use the Septuagint (time 16:21–37:05).

There are about 300 OT quotations in the NT. The NT refers to the Septuagint 
in 90% of all cases. 10% don't match the texts we currently have in that text 
but may have matched older versions of the Septuagint. Most of these 10% 
come from the Gospel of Matthew, which is believed to have been written in Aramaic and later translated into Greek. That may explain some 
of its quotations that don't fit with the Septuagint. However, most quotations 
in Matthew fit the Septuagint. In cases where the Septuagint and Masoretic Text
differ, the Septuagint matches with the NT in 80% of the cases. 

In the following texts, however, it fits better with the Masoretic Text:

• Mat 26:31, Zechariah 13:7 (In the Septuagint it says the shepherds,
  that is in the plural, probably due to a copying error)
• Mat 2:14–15, Hosea 11:1 (The Septuagint reads "out of Egypt 
  I have called his children" instead of "out of Egypt I called My son", perhaps due to a copying error)
• John 12:40, Isaiah 6:10 (compare with Mat 13:15 above)

Mat 13:5 refers to Isaiah 6:10 in the Septuagint while John 12:40 refers 
to Isaiah 6:10 in the Proto-Masoretic Text. This can be interpreted that 
in the time of the apostles, were both the Septuagint and the Proto-Masoretic Text available as the Word of God, although they contained differences.

Contradictions found in the Masoretic Text but not in the Septuagint:

• 2 Chron 22:1–2: Ahaziah became king in Judah when he was 22 years old
  (2 King 8:26) not 42. He became king when his father died at the age 
  of 40 (32 + 8 (2 Chron 21:20)) and then Ahaziah can't be 42 years old. 
  (In the Septuagint it says 20 instead of 22 (2 Chron 22:1–2) 
  which is closer but not completely correct.)
• 2 Sam 6:23, 2 Sam 21:8: It was the five sons of Merab 
  and not the five sons of Michal who were hanged. Michal had no child.
• 1 Sam 16:18–23, 17:55–58 (Saul knew who David’s father was.
  1 Sam 17:55–58 aren't found in some versions of the Septuagint).
• Exodus (2 Mos) 12:40: In the Septuagint: ”In Egypt and Canaan”. If you count the years in the Bible, you find that they were in Egypt for 215 years and that they were slaves for 112 ± 32 years. They arrived in Egypt about 1665 BC. The Exodus was about 1450 BC. Archaeological excavations support this. See How Long Were The Israelites In Egypt?
• Gen (1 Mos) 11:12–24: The Septuagint has 650 more years than the 
  Masoretic Text. This means that Noah's son Shem died 500 years before
  Abraham was born, and didn't live at the same time as Abraham as the
  Masoretic Text says. This means that Shem didn't survive eight of the nine generations after him and can’t be Melchizedek. It also means that
  The Flood at the Time of Noah happened several hundred years before the pyramids were built, and not that the pyramids were built near it. See:
• What is the Septuagint? How Does It Explain Archaeological Chronology? (time 7:05–12:47).
• Were the Pyramids Built Before the Flood? (time 5:56–18:41).
  (See Nimrod and Peleg explained in The Tower of Babel). 
• Septuagint Vs. Masoretic Genealogies (time 5:45→).

In the Masoretic Text, the word YHWH is used for God, see The Trinity.
In the Septuagint the expressions God and Lord are used instead,
which is also used in the NT. The term YHWH isn't used in the NT.
This indicates that the Septuagint is most often used by the NT writers.
However, this doesn't mean that it's wrong to use YHWH as the Lord's name,
see the Names of God in Judaism, Whose Son Is Messiah?,
time 15:10–17:26 in Adam In The Garden Of Eden - Genesis 2:1-17, 

and in What is YHWH? ( Known as the tetragrammaton ) | GotQuestions.org.

There is also a difference in the height of Goliath between the Masoretic Text
and the Septuagint. According to the Masoretic Text he was "six cubits and a span"
(9 feet 9 inches or 2.97 meters), see 1 Sam 17:4. According to the
Dead Sea Scrolls, Josephus, and the major Septuagint manuscripts, he was
"four cubits and a span" (6 feet 9 inches or 2.06 meters), see Kings I 17:4.

Another difference is in the beginning of the Psalms. A significant portion, perhaps as much as 80 % of the Psalms in the Septuagint begin with the phrase "For the End". In Bible translations based on the Masoretic Text, it says "To the choirmaster".

See also the comment about Psalm 145:13b at time 4:15–7:13 in 
Dead Sea Scrolls: The Shocking Evidence for the Septuagint!

There is also a difference in Dan 9:27, see the end part of Ezekiel's Temple.

I think that the Septuagint many times can be a better alternative than the other alternatives, and that it was primarily the Septuagint that was used outside of Israel at the time of Jesus. Much because it was written in Greek, which was a
language spoken in the area, and Greek is the language in which most parts of the NT were written. Where the NT quotes texts in the OT and they don't quite agree,
I think that the texts in the NT are more reliable, and you should go by them.
This means that the Septuagint should be used where its texts better match the quotes in NT, and the Masoretic Text where its texts better match the quotes in NT.

See also in Why You Should Use the Septuagint (time 43:51–46:04) why the Septuagint most times is more accurate and reliable than the Masoretic Text.

I believe that the Christian Bible in its first writings by its original authors was
inspired by God the Holy Spirit and is the Word of God without any true contradiction, see Misconceptions and Objections. Inaccuracies have then occurred during copying. Sometimes even intentionally removing or neutralizing predictions 
in the OT about Jesus being Messiah, see Were the Pyramids Built Before the Flood?
(time 19:44–25:41) and Jesus in the Synagogue of Nazareth. However, these changes haven't affected the Christian doctrines, but we must be aware of their existence. See also Why You Should Use the Septuagint (time 37:08–43:50).

I think that the quotes in the NT should agree with what we read in the OT. It's therefore recommended to create revised editions of the OT, based on OT
quotations in the NT. In several places in the OT we have agreements between the Septuagint, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and in the NT quotations of the OT
(Ecclesiastes 4:12), which we don't see in the Masoretic Text. The Septuagint 
and the Masoretic Text should be treated on equal terms according to this pattern and merged in some way. The differences between the Septuagint and the 
Masoretic Text can then be explained with notes in these revised versions of the OT. 

If having many copies of a text, it can be possible to reproduce the original text
by comparing the copies with each other. It can then be possible to see 
where the errors are, which then makes it possible to recreate the original version.

I don’t think that it makes much difference to the Christian life if using 
the Septuagint or the Masoretic Text as the Christian doctrines are the same. 
It may seem that Jesus most often used the Septuagint when referring to the OT scriptures, but he also referred to the Proto-Masoretic Text. It may also be that 
Jesus used a Proto-Masoretic Text in Hebrew, but pronounced it in Aramaic, 
as that was the language spoken by the Jews at that time. 
The authors of the four Gospels probably used the Septuagint when writing them,
because they are written in Greek, which made it easier for them. This is based on the fact that the difference between the Septuagint and the Proto-Masoretic Text 
was much smaller in Jesus' time than it is today. Both versions were available 
at the time of Jesus. Outside of Israel, the Septuagint was probably most common.

For information on ordering a reliable version of the Septuagint, 
see Why You Should Use the Septuagint (time 46:05→).

See also the The New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS),
for example the Electronic Edition of NETS (LXX).  

See also The Old Testament of the Bible.

Thermodynamics Confirms Creation

Thermodynamics confirms creation, see these times in the video: 
Spike Psarris - Thermodynamics Confirms Creation:

• Principles of Thermodynamics: 
• Transfer of thermal energy: 11:42–13:54.
• Implications for origins: 13:55–15:24.
• Our Moon: 15:25–17:01.
• Io, a moon of Jupiter: 17:02–18:15.
• Enceladus, a moon of Saturn: 18:16–19:26.
• Pluto: 19:27–21:42.
• The First Law of Thermodynamics: 
• Conservation of Matter and Energy: 21:53–25:12.
• Where did our Universe come from? 25:13–26:18.
• The Second Law of Thermodynamics: 
• What is Entropy? 26:19–27:51.
• Implication: 27:52–28:30.
• What it means for the Universe: 28:31–30:13.
• The Fall of man: 31:51–33:46.
• Valid arguments from Thermodynamics: 
• Origin of life: 34:03–35:59.
• Decay in dinosaurs: 36:01–39:51.
• The secular dilemma: 40:04–46:13.
• More about Entropy:
• Why does Entropy increase? 46:35–52:21.
• Applying Entropy on the Universe: 52:22–55:29.
• The Boltzmann Brain Paradox: 55:30–1:01:13.

See The Second Law of Thermodynamics related to time in the video:

• Nobody Knows What TIME Really Is . . ..: Time 2:02–10:28. 

See also Evidence for Creation and Scientific Proofs of the Bible.

The Big Bang Model Revealed

Content:

• The Big Bang Model
• Explanatory Model
• General about the Big Bang model
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• JWST Observations Based on the Big Bang Model 
• JWST Observations Based on the Creation Model
• Dark Matter
• Dark Energy
• Anomalies in the Andromeda Galaxy
• Scientific Problems with the Big Bang Model
• Cosmology
• Hubble’s Law
• The Universe has a Center
• The Cosmological Principle
• CMB
• The Creation Model
• Differences Between the Models
• Big Bang Model
• Creation Model
• Space and Time
• Summary

The Big Bang Model

The Big Bang (BB) model teaches that everything originally existed in a singularity. About 13.8 billion years ago, this "cosmic egg" exploded and expanded faster than the speed of light for just a fraction of a second (so-called Inflation) and is assumed to continue expanding indefinitely. In the first seconds, particles began to form, after 380,000 years atoms appeared, after another 200-300 million years, the first stars appeared, and after about 9 billion, our solar system and the Earth appeared. 

It includes the following steps:

1. The entire universe originally existed in an extremely hot and violent point much smaller than a proton in size, a so-called singularity. All energy, 
   space, and time existed in this singularity. There was absolutely nothing 
   of matter, energy, space, or time outside of this singularity.
2. This singularity exploded. 
3. Space rapidly expanded like a balloon. It's described as blowing up
   a balloon with galaxies marked on the surface of the balloon. It's then considered that the surface of the balloon is a two-dimensional projection of the three-dimensional space. When you blow up the balloon, the galaxies are moved apart, and there is no center in this universe (projected on the surface of the balloon). The balloon is seen expanding in a fourth space dimension.
   Nor can one go to the outer edge of the universe, because it has no edge. What happens is that you come back to the original position if you go far enough (like travelling on the surface of the balloon). This is an interpretation of Hubble's law (see below), based on the materialistic view that the Earth doesn't have a unique place in the universe and therefore can't be at the center of the universe, which is opposite of what the Hubble's law indicates.
4. The temperature dropped due to the expansion, and some of the energy became matter - hydrogen, helium, and a small amount of lithium.
5. Some of the hydrogen and helium condensed into stars and galaxies.
6. Stars made heavier elements up to iron, which turned into dust.
7. Some stars are so massive that they imploded at the end of their life cycle, producing the heavier elements of the periodic table, when they exploded
   as a supernova. It's only in a supernova that elements heavier than iron
   are created, which also became dust.
8. Some of the dust condensed to form planets.

None of these steps have been observed. It's possible to produce matter
from energy, but this doesn't prove that all matter in the universe has been
produced according to these steps. No one has seen a star form. 

Explanatory Model

General about the Big Bang Model 

A good model meets the following conditions:

1. It's relative simple (the fewer assumptions, the better is the model).
2. It makes many precise and specific predictions.

The Big Bang model was initially easy to understand, but has become more and more complex as more observations have been made. More and more ad-hoc explanations (rescue devices) have been added to make the model hold together. 

Furthermore, it hasn't been able to make any specific prediction. 

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the main prediction for the BB.
But that prediction has some problems, see time 27:40–32:26
in Uh oh! The Big Bang Has Some BIG Problems! - Danny Faulkner, PhD. 

That prediction isn't particularly specific to the BB,
as the CMB can also be explained based on the proposed Creation model. 

The James Webb Space Telescope

In January 2022, did the

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 
arrived at its destination,
a solar orbit near the Sun-Earth L2
Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth, see the video:
What are the Points of Lagrange?

JWST Observations Based on the Big Bang Model 

See the following observations from the JWST:

• "Galaxies Actually Existed Before The Big Bang"
  James Webb Telescope Saw 15 Strange Galaxies beyond.
• Michio Kaku: "TIME DOESN'T EXIST!
  James Webb Telescope PROVED Us All Wrong!" (time 2:01–8:22).
• "NO DARK AGES" James Webb Telescope Just Spotted
  2 of the Most Distant Galaxies Ever Seen.
• "HE WAS RIGHT" James Webb Telescope Just Spotted
  10 Galaxies That Might be Older than the Universe (time 2:30-9:27).
• JUST IN: James Webb Telescope Just Detected 7 Massive Structures
  at the Edge of Observable Universe (time 6:49–8:16).
• James Webb Telescope's Discovery of Ancient Galaxies
  Disproves The Big Bang? (from time 3:28).
• How James Webb Broke Cosmology In Just 2 Months (time 3:40–7:13).
• James Webb Telescope Discovery Proves
  The Big Bang Theory Is Wrong (from time 3:05).
• James Webb Telescope Discovered An Object Older Than The Big Bang! (from time 5:44).
• Stunning images of galaxies, stars captured by NASA’s Webb telescope | 60 Minutes (time 2:09–2:45, 5:48–7:20, 11:13–11:44).
  

They show that JWST has so far done the following according to the Big Bang model:

It has looked back less than 300 million years after the Big Bang, which is about 2% of the universe's assumed age of 13.8 billion years. That's far earlier than the time when large galaxies are thought to have formed. The first protogalaxies are thought to have formed about 500 million years after the Big Bang.
Merging them into large galaxies is thought to have taken about a billion years. 

Too many, too big, and too bright galaxies have been observed than those
that should have had time to form so close after the Big Bang. We should see
the evolution of galaxies, but these discovered are full-fledged disc-shaped galaxies 
with spiral arms and all. They have also found some of the heavy elements
that should have taken several generations of stars to form. In short,
the early universe looks like today's universe.

The following observations with JWST have been made about these galaxies:

• Large galaxies are found less than 300 million years after the Big Bang.
• These galaxies are massive and mature and show no signs 
  of merging from small protogalaxies.
• They have spiral arms that take a long time to randomly form.
• They have smooth spiral disks and neat spirals.
  They are ten times more than expected. 
• Their stars contain heavier elements like oxygen
  that take billions of years to form.
• There are at least 100,000 times more galaxies
  at this distance than predicted. 

See this video about deviations from expectations according to the Big Bang model: 
JWST Found Six "Impossible" Galaxies. Here's What The Researchers Have To Say: 

• Time   3:02–  6:59: The discovery.
• Time   7:05–13:42: What it means for traditional cosmology.
• Time 13:43–15:53: What went wrong in the current model?
• Time 15:58–17:38: The result of spectroscopy.
• Time 18:18–20:20: The way forward.
• Time 22:44–24:33: The age of the universe based on LCDM.
  
  

JWST Observations Based on the Creation Model

For background, see the Anisotropic Synchrony Convention (ASC) 
which here means that the speed of light is c/2 from us and infinite towards us
(which gives the average speed c). It's in detail explained in 
The distant starlight problem in Evidence for a Young Earth.
This doesn't mean that the light from every existing, not hidden star is visible

just by magnifying the image enough, see the Lyman-break galaxy. See it explained at time 17:21–19:38 in Session 5 - Dr. Jason Lisle: James Webb Telescope.

Watch the video Dr. Danny Faulkner -
What the James Webb Space Telescope Has Revealed about the Universe:

• Time 5:20–15:37: Functionality of JWST.
• Time 15:38–21:30: What they wanted to achieve.
• Time 21:31–35:04: Results of the observations.
• Time 35:05–37:32: The Cosmological principle.
• Time 37:33–44:06: Atmospheres of Exoplanets.

Watch the video Session 5 - Dr. Jason Lisle: James Webb Telescope:

• Time 31:17–35:32: Secular predictions of JWST results.
• Time 35:33–38:31: Jason's predictions of JWST results.
• Time 38:32–39:32: Jason's prediction of secular response.
• Time 39:33–41:46: The JWST results so far.
• Time 41:47–43:03: The secular response to the JWST results.
• Time 43:04–43:59: The JWST results related to Jason's predictions.
• Time 44:00–58:30: Fabric of space is expanding or Doppler shift?

Watch the video Science Confirms Biblical Creation | Dr. Jason Lisle:

• Time 49:56–53:26: Different predictions of JWST results.
• Time 53:27–54:19: The JWST results so far.
• Time 54:31–55:38: Jason's prediction of secular response.
• Time 55:41–57:57: Questions because of the JWST results.
• Time 58:57–1:03:35: Fabric of space is expanding or Doppler shift?
• Time 1:04:49–1:05:48: Is the fabric of space expanding?
• Time 1:06:31–1:07:44: Theistic evolution?
• Time 1:08:03–1:09:29: Part 2 of the Doppler shift.
• Time 1:11:20–1:12:44: Part 3 of the Doppler shift.
• Time 1:14:00–1:14:58: Predictions of the Doppler shift.
• Time 1:26:09–1:27:37: What is empty space?

Watch the video Dr Jason Lisle JWST:

• Time 23:34–27:51: Secular predictions of JWST results.
• Time 27:52–30:02: Jason's predictions of JWST results.
• Time 30:03–31:02: Jason's prediction of secular response.
• Time 31:03–33:48: The JWST results so far.
• Time 33:50–34:37: The secular response to the JWST results.
• Time 34:38–35:32: The JWST results related to predictions.
• Time 36:09–59:11: Fabric of space is expanding or Doppler shift?
• Time 1:06:29–1:07:06: Data available for for graph calculations.
• Time 1:07:12–1:08:10: What the secular answers will be.
• Time 1:08:24–1:08:54: Why the graph doesn't start from zero.
• Time 1:09:18–1:10:34: What is empty space?
• Time 1:11:00–1:11:37: How the calculations of the graph are done.
• Time 1:16:38–1:17:06: Why BB requires an expanding space.
• Time 1:17:13–1:19:08: Can galaxies reach the edge of space? 

Watch the video James Webb Space Telescope with Dr Jason Lisle:

• Time 24:21–28:40: Background to JWST.
• Time 28:59–33:28: Secular predictions of JWST results.
• Time 33:29–35:48: Jason's predictions of JWST results.
• Time 35:50–37:40: Jason's prediction of secular response.
• Time 37:41–43:14: The JWST results so far.
  
• Time 43:15–44:18: The secular response to the JWST results.
• Time 44:19–48:19: The JWST results related to Jason's predictions.
• Time 57:00–58:36: The motivation to build JWST.
• Time 59:23–1:00:55: Fabric of space is expanding or Doppler shift?
• Time 1:01:02–1:02:09: God stretches out the heavens (Isaiah 40:22b).
                                      (See step 5 in The Creation model below.)
• Time 1:02:34–1:04:09: Inflation.
• Time 1:05:40–1:07:28: Alien life, see The Fermi Paradox.
• Time 1:07:29–1:09:00: Black hole.
• Time 1:09:09–1:12:49: Dark matter and dark energy.
• Time 1:12:58–1:14:25: Is there star formation or galaxy formation?

Watch the video What We Predicted. What We See:

• Time 10:30–15:49: Jason's predictions from a biblical worldview.
  It's based on that all galaxies are being created by God in mature states,
  and on ASC which here means that the speed of light is c/2 from us 
  and infinite towards us (which gives the average speed c). It's explained in The distant starlight problem in Evidence for a Young Earth. 
• Time 17:35–19:30: Is there an edge of the universe?
• Time 20:49–21:56: More about the biblical predictions.
• Time 24:18–25:47: Jason's prediction of secular response.
• Time 29:28–30:18: How to look back in time according to the Big Bang.
• Time 30:19–31:33: What of the current Big Bang model is disproved.
• Time 34:22–36:57: Exoplanets.
• Time 39:47–40:36: A New Heaven and a New Earth.
• Time 47:22–49:56: Dark energy and dark matter.
• Time 49:57–53:13: Alien life, UFO, see The Fermi Paradox.

See the comments on the 60 Minutes video above in the video:
The SHOCKING Truth About the James Webb Telescope:

• Time   7:05–  9:02: The biblical predictions.
• Time 11:47–12:23: Are we seeing star formation?
• Time 12:24–14:44: The Robertson-Walker metric.
                               (See step 5 in The Creation model below.)
• Time 16:30–17:30: Stars with heavy elements, part 1.
• Time 17:43–18:51: Stars with heavy elements, part 2.
• Time 34:05–36:01: Dark energy and dark matter.
• Time 37:55–39:47: Stars with heavy elements, part 3.
• Time 43:41–46:25: Primary target with JWST and Earth-like planets.
  
  

Anomalies in the Andromeda Galaxy

New discoveries of the Andromeda Galaxy challenge LCDM, see time 0–5:34
in Changes Universe Laws! Andromeda's Satellites Just Shocked Astronomers.

Dark Matter

Although dark matter has nothing to do directly with the Big Bang model itself,
it's of great interest to understand if it really exists. Dark matter is part of LCDM
which is a parameterization of the Big Bang model. There is a new theory called
AQUAL that suggests dark matter may not exist at all. AQUAL is a theory of gravity based on Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). It may eventually turn out that dark matter does exist after all, although it's not fully proven yet.

See time 1:03:04–1:04:33: in Dr Jason Lisle JWST.

Watch Physicists Dismiss Dark Matter and Develop a New Theory of Gravitation!:

• Time 2:04–  5:54: Why dark matter was introduced.
• Time 5:55–  9:30: MOND - The alternative explanation.

Watch Plot Twist: There’s No Dark Matter. Our Theory of Gravity is Broken:

• Time 1:08–  4:57: Why dark matter was introduced.
• Time 4:58–  6:01: Its biggest problem.
• Time 6:02–  7:08: AQUAL based on MOND.
• Time 7:09–  9:32: Differences between LCDM and AQUAL.
• Time 9:33–10:07: Problems with AQUAL.

Watch Dark Matter: The Situation has Changed:

• Time 0:24–  0:55: The difference between dark matter and dark energy.
• Time 0:56–  2:08: What is dark matter?
• Time 2:09–  5:19: What it explains.
• Time 5:20–  7:25: What it doesn't explain.
• Time 7:26–  8:03: What MOND explains.
• Time 8:04–  8:25: What MOND doesn't explain.
• Time 8:26–10:36: A possible merge of dark matter and MOND.
  
  

Dark Energy

Dark energy is an attempt to explain an accelerating
expansion of space in the universe. The theory of 
dark energy has therefore been added. It's an unobserved type of energy said to make up 68 percent of the universe. It's believed to create an accelerating expansion of space in the universe. There are no observation or evidence that it really exists. See more about this up until time 4:38 in
Dark Energy Is Not Real, New Data Analysis Finds venting.

Dark energy isn't needed if there is no more Fabric of space expanding 
in the universe and previous expansion of space has been done by God,
see time 36:09–59:11 (background) and 1:04:34–1:05:19 in Dr Jason Lisle JWST.

Scientific Problems with the Big Bang Model

The Big Bang model has the following scientific problems (among others):

• Where did all the content of the singularity come from?
• How can a singularity contain the contents of the entire universe,
  see time 2:07:55–2:11:12 in 
  "Astronomy Reveals Creation" with Dr. Jason Lisle.
• Why did the singularity explode despite all the gravitational forces, 
  see time 2:14:42–2:16:15 in 
  "Astronomy Reveals Creation" with Dr. Jason Lisle.
• The baryon number problem. Every time we make matter from energy
  in the laboratory, we get an equal amount of antimatter.
  Where is all the antimatter?
• The monopole problem. Magnetic monopoles (particles with a single polarity) should exist throughout the universe. None found, which is according to Gauss's law for magnetism, see time 3:29–4:16 in 
  Why is the speed of light what it is? Maxwell equations visualized.
• The flatness problem. The expansion rate of the universe is extremely finely balanced with gravity. The universe is extremely flat,
  which is theoretical impossible if it expands from a single point. After
  13.8 million years of expansion, the universe shouldn't be as flat as it is.
• The horizon problem. The CMB has very even temperature, but light can't travel that far in the time allowed. For something to be so uniformed,
  the different parts must be able to communicate with each other
  according to the laws of nature.
• The Cosmological lithium problem. The most widely accepted models
  of the Big Bang suggest that three times as much primordial lithium,
  in particular lithium-7, should exist. See it explained in these videos:
• Time 9:44–16:12 in The Big Bang has a Big Problem.
• Time 0:37–10:41 in Lithium Between Stars, Nails in . . ..
• The Anthropic Principle describes the fine-tuning of the universe.
  Scientific evidence proves that the universe is perfectly designed
  for life to exist on Earth, see The Fine-Tuning of the Universe.
  See also time 45:04–47:47 in Was the Universe Designed? . . ..
• If BB is true then there should be life elsewhere in the universe
  with its billions of stars and probably even more planets. There is absolutely no evidence that aliens exist, see The Fermi Paradox.
• Life always arises from existing life. According to BB, life must have at some point spontaneously arisen from non-life (spontaneous generation). This first organism must have been equipped with a reproductive system, which means that it must have had a high level of complexity right
  from the start. There is no evidence whatsoever for this.
• There is no naturalistic theory of how the laws of nature arose.
  The laws of nature can't have been created by natural laws because
  there were no natural laws at all before they first arose. Laws of nature
  are also information, and information doesn't come about by itself,
  see What is Information? This implies a Creator behind these laws.
• It's reasonable to believe that a Creator doesn't allow any system in the universe that breaks down the mathematics of which he is the Creator, such as a singularity. If so, there can't be or hasn't been a singularity.
• There is no naturalistic model that explains the origin of matter/energy. These laws of nature mean that matter/energy must have been created
  by a Creator who exists outside the universe but who interferes with it,
  see this further explained from time 3:10 in Origins: Who Made God?
  
1. The law of Causality teaches that every effect has a cause. Since the origin of the universe is the effect of something, a cause is required. See the animated video Leibniz’ Contingency Argument.
2. The First law of thermodynamics shows that matter and energy don't create themselves out of nothing. The total amount of matter/energy is all the time constant in the universe. 
3. The Second law of thermodynamics shows that the usable energy is constantly decreasing; our universe can't have existed forever.
• BB assumes that space in the universe is expanding, which isn't the case:
• Time 0:13–6:53 in The censorship of cosmology | Eric Lerner,
  and time 7:03–9:45 from the same link.
• Time 36:09–59:11 and 1:16:38–1:17:06 in Dr Jason Lisle JWST.

Inflation has been proposed as a rescue device for some of the problems. It's an additional set of assumptions where the universe started expanding at a very accelerated rate and then went back to the normal rate of expansion. This could potentially reduce or eliminate the monopole, flatness, and horizon problems. 
But it has its own problems like what would cause it and how to turn it off gracefully. 
There is no evidence for inflation, which means it's not science but philosophy.

For detailed information on this, see the following two videos:

1. Latest Discoveries in Cosmology:
• The horizon problem (time 2:54–4:17).
• The flatness problem (time 4:18–4:51).
• The inflation problem (time 4:52–18:49).
2. Uh oh! The Big Bang Has Some BIG Problems! - Danny Faulkner, PhD:
• The horizon problem (time 32:30–34:46).
• The flatness problem (time 34:47–36:27).
• The inflation problem (time 36:28–38:36).
• The monopole problem (time 38:37–39:25).
• The baryon number problem (time 39:26–40:47).

The many problems with the BB make a naturalistic model for the creation of the universe impossible. It requires the existence of several unnatural phenomena, such as the emergence of the laws of nature, matter/energy, life, and genetic information. Avoiding these problems by claiming that "the laws of nature break down" if you look back far enough to the creation of the universe (as many cosmologists do), only emphasizes that the universe has a supernatural origin that also designed these 
natural laws. There can't be a purely naturalistic model for the origin of the universe. The scientific evidence doesn't point in BB's direction, but instead clearly speaks of a supernatural creation, by someone who must be a personal God, see The Trinity.

Cosmology

Physics, of which cosmology is a part, isn't based on human intuition or fantasy storytelling, but on facts, physical observations, and experiments. This is then interpreted, based on people's worldview. My worldview is that the universe came into being through creation and not by chance by itself. Since all was good from the beginning when the universe was created according to the Bible (Gen 1:31),
it's my belief that God created the stars and galaxies in a mature state in
a similar manner as he created man, see The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man. 

My intention is to explain the creation of the universe from a biblical worldview, as described at times 12:08–13:27 and 32:27–36:07 in In the Beginning - Genesis 1:1.

King Solomon, who was the wisest man on Earth, said: "It is the glory of God
to conceal things, but the glory of kings is to search things out." (Proverbs 25:2).

Hubble’s Law

Edwin Hubble discovered that the distances in physical cosmology are determined from redshift, that there is a correlation between distance and redshift.
He interpreted the measured redshift as that the galaxies moving away from us, see time 4:54–5:45 in Did the James Webb Space Telescope Disprove the Big Bang?
One interpretation of this is that the fabric of space is expanding, 
which seems to be wrong, see time 2:01–8:22 in 
Michio Kaku: "TIME DOESN'T EXIST! James Webb Telescope PROVED Us All Wrong!".

Hubble's Law describes the rates at which galaxies are moving away from Earth
as proportional to their distance from Earth. Nowadays, many scientists interpret this as meaning that it's the fabric of space that is expanding in the observable universe, with Hubble's Law being handled as a direct physical observation of this process.

However, there is no longer any expansion of fabric of space in the universe,
see time 36:09–59:11 in Dr Jason Lisle JWST. This disproves the Big Bang model.

The Universe has a Center

Note that there is no evidence that the universe has no center. It's a philosophical assumption that has been made on what BB is based on, which is a materialistic, atheistic worldview, based on secular humanism. If it turns out to be wrong,
today's version of BB is wrong. If it turns out that the universe has a center,
and that the Earth, our solar system and our galaxy are near this center,
then it's close to wondering who placed these celestial bodies near the center
of our universe. From the Bible, one gets the impression that man and the Earth
have a central place in the universe.

When measuring the redshift of various objects, it has been noticed that
redshift is quantified. It turns out that the universe is much like an onion with shells around a center, where the distance between each shell has a fixed value. Close to this center is the Earth, our solar system, and our galaxy. If the Earth were further away from this center, you wouldn't get this quantified redshift, meaning that this quantification of the redshift places our galaxy near the center of the universe. 

This is proof that the assumption that the universe has no center is wrong, meaning that today's version of the BB is wrong. For detailed information, see the video (especially time 4:00–19:04) in The Center of the Universe. Dr Russell Humphreys.

The Cosmological Principle

BB is based on something called the Cosmological principle. It means that the universe is homogeneous (equal in all parts) and isotropic (equal in all directions). 

However, observations show that this isn't the case. The universe isn't homogeneous: It's "lumpy", it contains stars, galaxies, galaxy clusters, which
clump together instead of being evenly spread out. The universe isn't isotropic:
The direction of rotation of galaxies isn't random. See this described in these videos:

• Time 1:01–2:42 in The Big Bang Wasn’t the Beginning? . . ..
• Time 35:05–37:32 in Dr. Danny Faulkner - What the James Webb . . ..
• Time 1:25–2:32 in The Entire Universe Seems to Spin, New Data Reveal.
• Time 1:17–2:42 in Bizarre Discovery Suggests Galaxies Seem to Spin . . ..
  
  

CMB

Satellites with various measuring instruments have been sent up into space to more accurately measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which is about 2.7 degrees Kelvin. With these measuring instruments, they have measured cold spots and hot spots in the CMB. These should be randomly distributed if the Big Bang model is correct. The observations show that these cold spots and hot spots form patterns throughout the universe. Not only that, these patterns form two planes, called the "Axis of Evil", because they contradict the Big Bang model, see planes
in the Earth's orbit projected in all directions in the image planes of Earth's orbit.

1. 
   A plane perpendicular to the plane
   that forms the rotation of the Earth 
   around the sun (ecliptic), that is,
   a plane against the tilt of the Earth.
   (The Ecliptic is a plane, 23.4 degrees
   relative to the celestial equator).
2. A plane that the Earth's equator forms
   when the plane passes
   through the center of the sun.
   It occurs at the vernal equinox (20/3) 
   and at the autumnal equinox (23/9).

Since it was hard to believe in these observations (due to BB), the Planck satellite was postponed in 2009, with even more
sensitive instruments whose measurements were made by other people. It provided even more detailed results and confirmed the previous measurements. 

For detailed information, see Why is the solar system cosmically aligned? and videos:

• Axis of Evil Max Tegmarck.
• Does The Axis Of Evil Scare You? (from time 3:54).
• Episode 6, Part 3: The Axis of Evil, What it is...? (from time 3:17).

See also the short video: New CMB Discovery Could Shatter the Big Bang Model.

The Creation Model

The principle of Occam's razor is sometimes paraphrased as:
"Of two competing theories, the simpler explanation of an entity is to be preferred."

A more logical and less complex (simpler) explanation than the Big Bang model
is this Creation model, which is based on a biblical worldview.

It's based on The Biblical Creation in The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man:

1. God existed before the universe came into existence as an eternal, spaceless, timeless, and personal being, see What Existed Before the Big Bang? . . ..
   See who God is and did "before" this creation, at time 18:48–29:52
   in Before The Beginning, At The Beginning - Genesis 1:1-2.
   See also The Order between Jesus and the Father in the Trinity.
2. The laws of nature came into being from God, see The Trinity,
   who is the lawgiver, see What is Information? and Math in the Bible.
3. The universe came into being through the creation by God who is the designer,
   and not by itself, see Evidence for Creation. Everything was created through Jesus as the Logos (Word) (John 1:1–3, 14), who spoke the universe into existence (Gen 1:3, 6–7, 9, 11, 14–15, 20–21, 24, 26–27, Heb 11:3), see Jesus is the Creator in Jesus is God. Since the universe was created by this God who is the lawgiver, it operates according to the laws of nature.
   Also note that God is the only one who can create something out of nothing.
   
   "By faith we understand that the universe was created by the Word of God,
   so that what is seen was not made out of things that are visible."
   (Heb 11:3 (ESV)). See this explained at time 3:59–9:19 in
   Hebrews 11 (Part 2) :2-7 • Without Faith it is Impossible to Please God.
   
   Out of nothing, nothing can come without a cause. It's then reasonable
   that a transcendent cause brought the universe into existence. One explanation has been that through quantum mechanics, particles can be created from quantum fluctuations in quantum vacuum, without a cause. But quantum vacuum isn't nothing, it gets weaker with time and isn't
   the origin of the universe. Quantum vacuum has a beginning in itself. See time 22:21–23:51 in The Hardest Questions on the Kalam Cosmological Argument.
   
   This model doesn't need a singularity at the beginning of the universe.
   There is no need for a multiverse to have a fine-tuned universe that allows life.
   It doesn't require billions of years to create the Earth and life.
4. God first created the Earth and the space needed for it (Gen 1:1–2). 
   The Earth was created to contain life (Isaiah 45:18). 
   
   See Gen 1 (first chapter) explained at time 26:40–37:24 in the video:
   Understanding Genesis || Guest Speaker Dr. Jason Lisle.
   
   The Gap theory (in Gen 1:1–2) is dismissed in that video at time 37:48–40:28.
   Gen 1:1–2 (NASB20) can also be seen as an example of Parallelism,
   see time 8:42–11:57 in Hebrew Poetry Update.
   Personally, I believe that Gen 1:1 is an introductory summary of Gen 1,
   see time 23:28–24:32 in Danny Faulkner - Biblical Cosmology:
   The Firmament and the Waters Above the Heavens.
5. Space was stretched out rapidly by God symmetrically from the Earth
   (Gen 1:6–8, Isaiah 42:5a, Psalm 148:4). This universe was then without celestial bodies. The universe was, and still is, surrounded by liquid water, which generated and still generates the CMB that we can measure according to the third major set of thermodynamics. See this explained (especially at time 19:04–24:12) in Origins: The Firmament of Genesis 1.
   
   "The expanse" (heaven) is explained at time 4:13–14:14 in that video.
   This expansion of space was at the beginning of the creation (day two).
   There is no such expansion of space in the universe anymore
   (Isaiah 40:22b, 42:5a, 44:24b, 48:13, Psalm 104:2b), see these videos:
• If The Earth Is Only 6,000 Years Old, How Is This Possible? 
  (time 45:12–47:00).
• The censorship of cosmology | Eric Lerner (time 0:13–6:53).
• Dr Jason Lisle JWST (time 36:09–59:11). Proves it!
  That discovery even makes the Big Bang model impossible.
6. Then; sun, moon, stars, and other celestial bodies were placed by God in this universe (Gen 1:14–19, day four). They were placed with the proper mass, location, and motion to sustain life on Earth (Gen 8:22, Isaiah 45:18).
   God created the galaxies fully formed (massive and well structured)
   from the very beginning. Even galaxies with spiral arms existed from
   the beginning with detectable heavy elements. Everything was perfectly created (Gen 1:31a), and therefore contained no signs of evolution.
   
   The universe came into existence very quickly as seen from Earth.
   The telescopes observe the galaxies as they look today, not how they looked
   in the past, see The Distant Starlight Problem in Evidence for a Young Earth
   and JWST Observations Based on the Creation Model described above.
7. God created male and female in the beginning of creation (Mark 10:6, day 6), see The Origin of Man.
8. This universe has both an edge (surrounded by liquid water) and a center,
   with our galaxy (The Milky Way) located at the center of the universe.

See Historical Facts that Jesus Rose from the Dead and these videos:

• John Lennox: How do I choose which religion to follow?
• John Lennox STUNNING Evidence for Christianity (from time 0:20).

This makes it reasonable and plausible to assume that life only exists on Earth
in the entire universe. This can be seen as something the Creation model predicts,
see The Fermi Paradox and The Basics of Understanding the Christian Faith.  

Differences Between the Models

Big Bang Model 

1. Nothing existed before the Big Bang.
2. The laws of nature came about by chance, by themselves.
3. From absolutely nothing, initiated by nothing, the universe became,
   through an explosion of a singularity.
4. The CMB is a remnant of the explosion. 
5. The universe has no edge.
6. The universe has no center.
7. The stars came to be before the Earth.
8. Earth has no specific location in the universe.
9. The fabric of space of the universe is still expanding.
10. The universe spontaneously began to form about 13.8 billion years ago.
11. The Earth is about 4.5 billion years old.
12. Humans have only existed on Earth for about 200,000 years.

Creation Model

1. God existed before the universe came into being. God is eternal,
   see The Order between Jesus and the Father in the Trinity.
2. The laws of nature were created by a lawgiver, by God,
   see What is Information? and Math in the Bible.
3. God created the universe on six days. God spoke it into existence.
   The fabric of space expanded day two. It's no longer expanding.
4. God created the Earth before he created the stars.
5. God created male and female at day 6, that is,
   in the beginning of the creation (Mark 10:6), see The Origin of Man.
6. The stars were visible from Earth at day 6, 
   see The Distant Starlight Problem in Evidence for a Young Earth.
7. The CMB comes from liquid water that surrounds the universe,
   according to the third major set of thermodynamics.
   This means that the universe has an edge.
8. The universe has a center, see chapter The Universe has a Center.
9. The galaxy of which Earth is a part, is located at the center of the universe.
10. The universe was created less than 7,000 years ago, see
    time 31:28–49:20 in Science Confirms Biblical Creation | Dr. Jason Lisle. 

Space and Time

My belief is that only life can generate life. Life can't spontaneously emerge
from non-life. Pasteurization is based on this assumption, and it works. Time 
(according to our definition) requires space to exist. Likewise, space and time
can't arise unless there is a spaceless, timeless, and personal Creator, see:

• December 2024 Bible Q&A (time 40:50–41:50).
• Was God's Timeless Existence Boring?
• Is God Timeless? Not quite, says Dr. Craig.

The Bible describes God’s Heaven. In 2 Cor 12:2–4, Paul the Apostle 
describes an event when he was temporarily caught up to the third Heaven.
A Greek view at that time was that these heavens consisted of:
(1) the atmosphere, (2) the sky with the stars, and (3) the Heaven
where God dwells. Acts 1:9–11 describes how Jesus was taken up
into (the third) Heaven. God in the Bible is eternal, and there is
a Heaven where God lives, see God's Throne in Heaven. 
It was from that Heaven that God created the universe,
see The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man.

According to Nehemiah, it appears that God also created the Heaven
where he lives: "You are the LORD, you alone. You have made heaven,
the Heaven of heavens, with all their host, the Earth and all that is on it,
the seas and all that is in them; and you preserve all of them;
and the host of Heaven worships you." (Neh 9:6 (ESV)).

It seems that there is no time (in the sense of our understanding of time,
see the video Nobody Knows What TIME Really Is. But it might be this...) 
in God's Heaven, which explains how The Predestination Theory can be possible,
see time 1:30–5:14 in Atheist Asks TOUGH Questions: EPIC Responses! (Q&A). 

According to the Big Bang model, there was no space, mass, or energy before
the Big Bang. Not even time, see The Moment Before The Big Bang. There was absolutely nothing before the Big Bang, not even quantum fluctuations, see time 22:21–23:51 in The Hardest Questions on the Kalam Cosmological Argument.
But then another universe can't have existed either. How do they explain that this first universe we live in is so improbably calibrated? And how could this universe have come into existence at all through the Big Bang, if absolutely nothing existed before it, neither space, time, nor anything that could generate it? See these times:

• 21:53–30:13 in Spike Psarris - Thermodynamics Confirms Creation.
• 40:04–46:13 in Spike Psarris - Thermodynamics Confirms Creation.
• 55:30–1:01:13 in Spike Psarris - Thermodynamics Confirms Creation.
• 4:45–8:31 in Scholar Unpacks the Most Accurate Prophecy in the Bible.
• 7:15–13:14 in PHYSICIST Converts To Christianity After THIS Discovery.

Many Big Bang followers believe in the multiverse. It's a concept that describes a worldview of many or infinitely many universes, or an infinite collection of parallel universes. These people consider it unreasonable that nothing exists outside of our universe, that our universe is the only universe that exists. The reason for this
is that the natural laws in our universe are so carefully calibrated to allow life,
that the probability of our universe spontaneously arising is considered negligible, see The Fine-Tuning of the Universe. If, on the other hand, new universes
with different versions of the laws of nature keep appearing, sooner or later
a universe like ours would emerge, see What existed before the Big Bang? 

Since the multiverse can't be proven in any way, it's not science but philosophy. 

But even if the multiverse exists, God exists, see these videos:

• The Ontological Argument (Animated)
• I Changed My Mind on the Ontological Argument (Not animated)

But on the other hand, natural laws are information, and information
doesn't arise by itself, see What is Information? See this further explained

at time 7:46–8:53 in Atheist Asks TOUGH Questions: EPIC Responses!

This means we need a lawgiver who is the God of the Bible,
see the article: Why Believe in a God that You can't See.

Summary

Everything has a beginning (except God). Everything must come from something that already exists. This means that there must be some unique and supernatural person who didn't come into being out of nothing, who is eternal and subsists 
by himself, and who is the one who gave rise to all things, see The Trinity.

Since the universe has a beginning, it requires a God, 
see the Law of causality and these short animated videos: 

• Leibniz’ Contingency Argument
• The Kalam Cosmological Argument - Part 1: Scientific 
  
• The Kalam Cosmological Argument - Part 2: Philosophical

See more of this by Dr. William Lane Craig in the video:

The Hardest Questions on the Kalam Cosmological Argument at:

• Time 2:03–2:40: Definition of the Kalam Cosmological Argument.
• Time 3:39–8:04: Can anything come out of nothing without a cause?
• Time 8:06–8:54: Can we rely on intuition in metaphysics?
• Time 8:58–11:05: Is there a beginning of the universe?
• Time 11:09–12:02: The metaphysical concept of time.
• Time 12:19–13:01: The Law of causality.
• Time 13:18–16:14: Can there be a timeless cause?
• Time 16:40–20:58: Could the universe have existed infinitely?
• Time 22:21–23:51: Can quantum fluctuations exist without cause?
• Time 23:55–33:26: More about an infinite universe (complicated).
• Time 38:15–45:00: Why God is the cause of the universe.
• Time 45:05–46:41: Why this matters.

Note that there is no longer any expansion of fabric of space in the universe,
see time 36:09–59:11 in Dr Jason Lisle JWST. This disproves the Big Bang model.

See also the Five Ways (Aquinas) explained at time 8:41–12:04
in The Genius Monk Who PROVED God With Logic | St. Thomas Aquinas.

The proposed Creation model is contradicted neither by the Bible nor by observations. It has a universe with a center, with our galaxy at the center.

See it described in the video Danny Faulkner - Biblical Cosmology . . . at:

• Time 23:28–24:32: The biblical creation (Gen 1:1).
• Time 17:31–19:43: Day two in the creation (Gen 1:6–8).
• Time 25:19–32:23: The expansion of space and CMB (Gen 1:6–8).
• Time 32:46–34:39: Why day two wasn't declared good.
• Time 39:55–41:43: The "Axis of Evil", see chapter CMB.
• Time 41:48–47:03: See The Fermi Paradox.

See more information about this in the video What is Biblical Cosmology? 

(There is no longer any expansion of fabric of space in the universe.)

A Big Bang, an explosion, always results in chaos, not organisation or information. 

The Big Bang model is revealed to be an incorrect explanation on how the universe came to be, see the video New Telescope Findings Challenge Big Bang Theory 
and the time 41:36–47:43 in the video In the Beginning - Genesis 1:1.

See also the warnings in the article Serious Warnings from God, 

and the warning at time 33:39–36:43 in the video John 12 (Part 3) 27-43 . . ..

Although the purpose of the Bible isn't to be a scientific book but to get to know God,

it provides accurate scientific information about our universe, such as:

• "It is he who sits above the circle of the Earth, and its inhabitants
  are like grasshoppers; who stretches out the heavens like a curtain,
  and spreads them like a tent to dwell in;" (Isaiah 40:22 (ESV)).
• "As the host of Heaven cannot be numbered and the sands of the sea cannot be measured, so I will multiply the offspring of David my servant, and the Levitical priests who minister to me." (Jer 33:22 (ESV)).
• "In the beginning you laid the foundations of the Earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands. They will perish, but you remain; they will all wear out like a garment. Like clothing you will change them and they will be discarded." See A New Heaven and a New Earth.
  (Psalm 102:25–26 (26–27 in some translations) (NIV)).
• "He made the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, And the chambers
  of the south; He does great things past finding out,
  Yes, wonders without number." (Job 9:9-10 (NKJV)).
• King David wrote: "The heavens declare the glory of God,
  and the sky above proclaims his handiwork."
  (Psalm 19:1b (ESV) (2 in some translations)). See
  time 11:54–17:56 in Was the Universe Designed? - Danny Faulkner, PhD.
• Jesus said: "But from the beginning of creation, 'God made them
  male and female.'" (Mark 10:6 (ESV)). See The Origin of Man.

See also the origin of modern statements at the end of The Book of Job, which, along with Genesis and the creation accounts is believed to be the oldest book in the Bible.

For more information see: 

• How can I know the Bible is reliable and authoritative?
• Evidence for Creation.
• Thermodynamics Confirms Creation.
• Scientific Proofs of the Bible.