Thursday, January 9, 2020

The Fermi Paradox

Contents:

  • Extraterrestrial Life
  • The Fermi Paradox
  • Exoplanets
  • The Creation Model

Extraterrestrial Life


The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is an umbrella term
for scientific searches for intelligent extraterrestrial life. 
Scientific investigations began at the very beginning of the 20th century
and focused international efforts have been ongoing since the 1980s. 

The Drake equation is an attempt to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in our Milky Way galaxy.

The Fermi Paradox 


The Fermi Paradox, named after Enrico Fermi, is the apparent contradiction, between the lack of evidence for extraterrestrial civilizations elsewhere
in the Milky Way galaxy, and various high estimates of their likelihood. 

It's based on the assumption that the Big-Bang model is correct, and that life can evolve from non-life by chance (something that has never been observed).

The basic points for the existence of extraterrestrial life are as follows:
  1. There are 400 billion stars in the Milky Way,
    of which 20 billion are     similar to the Sun.
  2. Estimates have suggested that one-fifth of stars similar to the Sun
    have Earth-like planets in the     habitable zone
    (the area with the conditions for life to exist as we know it). 
  3. If only 0.1% of these planets have developed life,
    there should be a million planets with life in the Milky Way. 
  4. The Milky Way is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old
    (according to the Big-Bang model), but the Earth is estimated
    to be "only" 4.5 billion years old. This means that
    there must have been many chances for life to develop
    on these other Earth-like planets before it developed on Earth.
  5. Although only a few of these civilizations have developed
    interstellar travel, we should be aware of them now.
  6. Even at the slow pace of currently imagined interstellar travel,
    the Milky Way could be traversed completely in a few million years.
  7. Since many of the Sun-like stars are billions of years older
    than the Sun according to the Big-Bang model,
    this seems to give plenty of time.
By this reasoning, Earth should already have been visited by an alien civilization, or at least by their probes. Since this isn't the case,
and the lack of evidence for extraterrestrial civilizations
elsewhere in the Milky Way galaxy, it's seen as a paradox.

There have been many attempts to explain the Fermi paradox; 
mainly suggests that intelligent extraterrestrials are extremely rare,
that the lifespan of such civilizations is short, or that they exist
but for various reasons we see no evidence (rescue devices),
see Why the Fermi Paradox Might Be the Scariest Truth in the Universe. 

Exoplanets


Our Earth is unique in many ways; no Earth-like planet has been found so far,
see time 31:15–44:54 in Was the Universe Designed? - Danny Faulkner, PhD.

Although we have found thousands of Exoplanets, we haven't found such
an Earth-like (habitable) planet. It requires finding diatomic nitrogen (N₂)
and diatomic oxygen (O₂) in the planet's atmosphere, as that is the hallmark
of a possible Earth-like planet. See it further explained in the information 
about discovered Exoplanets in these videos:

The Creation Model


The Fermi paradox can be explained by the Bible,
see The Creation Model in The Big-Bang Model Revealed.

Humans are the center of Gods purpose for the Creation of the universe.
When Adam fell in the Garden of Eden, it affected all of the Creation,
the entire universe (Rom 8:18–25), see The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man.
At the end time there will be A New Heaven and a New Earth.
Earth was created first in the universe according to the Bible.
See also The Universe has a Center in The Big-Bang Model Revealed.
Then it's difficult to assume that God has also created biblical life
on other planets. See also this video:
Note that there is a difference between our definition of biological life
and biblical life. Biblical life includes only species that have blood
(Gen (1 Mos) 9:4, Lev (3 Mos) 17:11), and doesn't include plants or microorganisms. But there probably isn't even biological life on other planets.

My opinion is that only life can create life. Life can't spontaneously emerge
from non-life. Pasteurization is based on this assumption, and it works.

This means that it's reasonable to assume that biological life only exists on Earth
in the entire universe. It can be seen as something that the Creation Model predicts.
The Fermi paradox is therefore not a paradox of the Creation Model,
but it's a paradox of the Big-Bang Model.

"For thus says the LORD, who created the heavens (he is God!),
who formed the earth and made it (he established it;
he did not create it empty, he formed it to be inhabited!):
'I am the LORD, and there is no other.'" (Isaiah 45:18 (ESV)).

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Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Animated Videos Showing the Complexity of DNA

DNA Animations


The Structure of DNA

 DNA replication - 3D

From DNA to Protein - 3D

 Your Body's  Molecular Machines

Basic Steps of Translation and Transcription

 DNA animations by wehi.tv for science-art exhibition

Christian Interpretations


DNA, the language in which God has written us

 The Wonder of DNA with Ken Ham

 DNA and Design - The Creator Revealed

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Thursday, January 2, 2020

Dinosaurs and the Bible

This article looks at dinosaurs from a biblical perspective. This means that
dinosaurs lived at the same time as humans. They aren't millions of years old.
Death entered the world after Adam sinned (Gen (1 Mos) 2:17, Rom 5:12).
Red blood cells and soft tissue have been found in bones of Tyrannosaurus rex 
by Mary Schweitzer. None of them last for millions of years. 
Dinosaur fossils appeared after The Flood at the Time of Noah. 
Radiometric dating of rocks around fossils that speak of millions of years
isn't reliable. Carbon dating of dinosaurs gives thousand of years. For more of this,
see Radiometric Dating and the Age of the Earth in Evidence for a Young Earth. 

 Dinosaurs were created after their kind (Gen (1 Mos) 1:24–25). Afterwards,
they evolved into different dinosaur species; depending on how their genetic code was combined, due to natural selection in the ecological environment in which
they lived, and due to epigenetics (the environment can affect which genes are turned on and off in future generations). This places limits on how far new species can evolve. The dinosaur species didn't evolve from other types of animals
due to mutations. Mutations don't provide new information, see What is Information.
Nor have new kinds of animals, such as birds, evolved from dinosaurs.

 The Bible says that all animals, including the dinosaurs, were originally herbivores
(Gen (1 Mos) 29–30). Some animals probably started eating meat after sin
entered the world, but that wasn't originally God's plan. It was only after
The Flood at the Time of Noah man was allowed to eat meat (Gen 9:3–4).

 The word Dinosaur isn't in the Bible because it's a modern word from 1842,
from the time when dinosaur fossils began to be found,
see time 14:47–16:37 in May 2024 Bible Q&A. Other names for animals, 
which may be dinosaurs or the like, are found in the Bible: 
  • Behemoth (beast), created by God (Job 40:15–19 (10–14 in some translations)), is probably a sauropod (a very large herbivorous dinosaur with a long neck and tail, small head, and massive limbs).
  • Leviathan (Job 41:1–34 (40:20–41:25 in some translations), Isaiah 27:1), is probably a plesiosauri (a swimming reptile, not classified as a dinosaur because it's not a land-living animal).
  • Flying reptiles. A flying serpent is mentioned in Isaiah 14:29, 30:6.
The Book of Job was written about 2000 BC. These creatures were
apparently still alive at this time. Isaiah was written about 700 BC.

 The Hebrew word Tanniyn (Dragon in English) is used in several places
in the Hebrew version of the Bible (although it's usually not translated as Dragon 
in modern translations). The word Dragon in the Bible can be an old word
for dinosaur (land-living animal) or similar (swimming reptile and flying reptile):
  • Deuteronomy (5 Mos) 32:33 (KJV)
  • Nehemiah 2:13 (KJV)
  • Job 30:29 (KJV)
  • Psalm 44:19 (20 in some translations), 74:13, 91:13, 148:7 (KJV)
  • Isaiah 27:1, 34:13, 35:7, 43:20, 51:9 (KJV)
  • Jeremiah 9:11, 10:22, 14:6, 49:33, 51:34, 37 (KJV)
  • Ezekiel 29:3 (KJV)
  • Micah 1:8 (KJV)
The size of Noah's Ark was enormous (Gen (1 Mos) 6:14–16), see 
The Flood at the Time of Noah. A pair of each kind of reptile was brought into
the ark (Gen (1 Mos) 6:19–21). Although there are over 600 dinosaur names,
there are only about 60–80 kinds of dinosaurs. If 70 varieties, that means 140 dinosaurs on Noah's Ark. Only a few of the dinosaurs were huge,
most were small. Even the biggest started very small.
They could be brought to the ark when they were young and not so big.
All the animals in the ark would take up less than half the space of the ark. 
See time 12:14–15:29 in the video This Will Change Your Mind on Noah’s Ark.

This means that we should be able to find some evidence for humans 
and dinosaurs together. Since the word Dinosaur is a modern word,
the word Dragon was probably used instead. There are many legends about dragons, for example in China, which may have some truth behind them. 

 There are pictures of dinosaurs in caves, on rocks and pottery, created before
fossils of dinosaurs were found, indicating that people knew what dinosaurs look like. Most dinosaur fossils are probably from the Flood. The remaining ones have died out, which can be explained by various reasons (diseases, climate change, killed by men).

 According to the theory of evolution, dinosaurs evolved into birds. Is this a fact?
Fossils of the dinosaur Sinocalliopteryx gigas have been found so well preserved that scientists could discern its stomach contents. They could see that the last it ate was a bird dinner consisting of two birds. Because the birds had only partially molted, the researchers were even able to identify the bird species as Confuciusornis sanctus, see Dinosaur feeding on birds. This suggests that birds lived at the same time as the dinosaurs, and that the dinosaurs didn't die out as long ago as evolutionists claim.

 Soft tissue, proteins, and even double-stranded DNA have been found in dinosaur bones by Mary Schweitzer, see the video Finding tissue and DNA from a dinosaur. She is a Christian but also a theistic evolutionist who believes in the high ages.
Her explanation is that the iron in the hemoglobin preserved the tissues
for this long time, as described in the video. But it's a very unnatural situation
with a highly concentrated hemoglobin solution carefully prepared using advanced technical equipment and carefully selected chemicals. At least in relation to how
the situation would be in a dinosaur bone in the wild. And one wonders
how the same blood vessels could be preserved 30 million times longer in nature 
(60 million years instead of two as in Schweitzer's experiments).
See this explained in more detail, especially from time 11:59 in the video 
What Does Soft Tissue in Dinosaur Bones Mean for Evolution?
and time 36:01–39:51 in Spike Psarris - Thermodynamics Confirms Creation.

Additionally, significant amounts of C-14 have been detected in dinosaur bones, something that shouldn't be detected if the bones were older than 60,000 years,
see the video Carbon-14 dating decontaminated dinosaur bones. 

Regarding C-14 dating, see these times in these videos:
See also the video Dinosaurs and the Bible | Dr. Jason Lisle at the times:
  •    24:54–   26:32: What are dinosaurs?
  •    26:33–   33:32: Using a Biblical Lens.
  •    33:33–   34:44: Fossil.
  •    34:45–   36:08: Red blood cells and soft tissue.
  •    36:09–   37:22: Made after its kind.
  •    37:23–   43:46: What did they eat?
  •    43:47–   44:24: Why the word Dinosaur?
  •    44:25–   45:07: Tanniyn (Dragon).
  •    45:08–   48:56: Behemoth.
  •    48:57–   51:09: Leviathan.
  •    51:10–   51:39: Flying reptiles.
  •    51:40–1:01:07: Were there dinosaurs on Noah's Ark?
  • 1:01:08–1:09:21: Dinosaurs in history.
  • 1:09:22–1:11:24: What happened to the dinosaurs?
  • 1:11:25–1:13:01: Summary.
  • 1:13:04–1:14:29: Different worldviews.
  • 1:33:08–1:34:03: Dinosaur footprints.
  • 1:34:21–1:35:23: Could dinosaurs produce flames?
  • 1:37:05–1:38:00: The meaning of different kinds.
  • 1:38:01–1:38:14: The Loch Ness Monster.
  • 1:41:04–1:44:55: Radiometric dating/C-14 dating.
  • 1:52:13–1:53:38: The animals leaving Noah's Ark.
  • 1:53:42–1:54:31: Secular explanation for soft tissue.
  • 1:55:59–2:01:06: Are Bible translations reliable?
  • 2:07:45–2:08:19: Can Leviathan still exist?
Dinosaurs fit perfectly into God's plan, see the following videos at these times:

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Monday, December 30, 2019

Evidence that the Jews were in Egypt and that King David has Existed

  • Over 100 people in the Bible have been verified in archaeology, 
    see time 20:17–22:44 in the video Math And The Bible.
  • The true location of Mount Sinai has been detected, see from time 1:24: Scientists PANICKING Over New DISCOVERY In Saudi Arabia By Atheists!
    See also these videos from this detected mountain:
  • When the Jews left Egypt and crossed the Jordan, they built an altar of uncut stones, covered with plaster, on mount Ebal (Deu (5 Mos) 27:4–6). The highest peaks were reserved for the idols, but some distance from
    the top of mount Ebal, the altar has been found, two-thirds of the way up, by Dr Adam Zertal. The acoustics in that area are amazing, which was needed when they read the law (Deu (5 Mos) 27:11–13). They found
    942 bones in the area from sheep, goats, and cattle, animals that
    the Jews used for sacrifice. Pottery was dated to the time of the Exodus
    by Moses out of Egypt. The discovery of this altar has major implications. This means that what is written in Deuteronomy, and at least part
    of what is written in Joshua, must be scientifically true.
  • Twelve standing stones have been found in the area of Gilgal, near Jericho, by Dr Adam Zertal (Joshua 4:19–20).
  • Cypriot pottery has been discovered at Jericho by Bryant Wood,
    pottery which should be there if it's of the time of Joshua. He also found continuous series of Egyptian scarabs with dated inscriptions from the time of the Exodus. He found storage containers that had been full of grain.
    The Jews came to Jericho at the time of harvest (Joshua 3:15).
    They burned Jericho with the grain (Joshua 6:24). It's confirmed that most parts of Jericho were burned and that the walls have fallen (Joshua 6:20). 
    Bryant Wood also found a small portion of the north wall still standing, containing a house that may be the house where Rahab lived
    (Joshua 2:15, 6:22–23).
  • Archaeological inscriptions have been found of the prophet Balaam who lived with the Moabites (Numbers (4 Mos) 22:4–6). The text is translated as "Warnings given by Balaam, the son of Beor. A Seer of the gods". This Deir Alla inscription is found in a building at Deir Alla in the Jordan, made by the Amorites (Numbers (4 Mos) 21:21–26). (The Moabites
    (along with the Ammonites) came from Lot and his two daughters
    (Genesis (1 Mos) 19:36–38)). The Bible contains a story with Balaam and a talking donkey (Numbers (4 Mos) 22:22–35), see Balaam and Balak. 
  • The people of Israel assembled at Shiloh and set up the tabernacle there for more than 300 years (Joshua 18:1). Shiloh was the capital of Israel
    at the time. The site of the tabernacle has been found during archaeological excavations. 
  • Solomon's fortified gates (1 Kings 9:15) have been found
    at Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer. The pottery found at these sites
    is from Solomon's time. This reinforces Solomon as a historical figure. 
  • Ketef Hinnom amulets have been found in Jerusalem from
    the First Temple period. It has inscriptions from Numbers (4 Mos) 6:24–26. By infrared technology, almost the entire chapter has been found engraved on the back of the amulets (Jeremiah 17:1). With pottery it's dated to the time of Jeremiah, 400 years older than the Dead Sea Scrolls. The text is accurate like the text we have today.
  • The kingdom of Israel was divided after Solomon,
    see     Rehoboam and Jeroboam, and the Division of Israel. Jeroboam,
    who became king of ten tribes in the     northern kingdom of Israel, 
    built altars in     Dan and Bethel to prevent the people from returning
    to Jerusalem. The altar of     Dan has been found at Tel Dan
    in northern Israel. The altar at     Bethel was destroyed (1 Kings 13:1–6).
  • Archaeological inscriptions have been found on a stone at Dan 
    about the House of David. It describes a battle between
    king Hazael of Syria and the kings of Judah and Israel (2 Chronicles 22:5).
    It contains the translated text "I destroyed the House of David". 
  • The City of David is the city that David concurred from the Jebusites,
    it's Jerusalem where David was given a house to live in (2 Sam 5:6–11). The City of David is today a part of Jerusalem south of the Temple Mount. 51 seals have been found in the remains of an archive building
    in the City of David, dating from the end of the First Temple period,
    when the Babylonians came and burned everything.
    26 of the seals contain texts of people mentioned in the Bible:
  • A water shaft is mentioned in 2 Sam 5:8. The water came from
    Gihon Spring that supplied Jerusalem with water (2 Chronicles 32:30),
    see King Hezekiah of Judah. Gihon is also mentioned as the place where Solomon was anointed king (1 Kings 1:33–34).
  • King David's palace has been found by Dr Eilat Mazar. It was built
    by Hiram, king of Tyre (2 Sam 5:11). It has therefore a Phoenician style.
    It's at least six levels high, 200 yards (180 m) across. The pottery is dated from the time of David, the 10th century BC. It's located just below
    the Temple Mount. The Bible text in 2 Sam 5:17 helped to locate the place.
    There are biblical texts that describe the creation of a Phoenician-style palace belonging to David, high on a certain mountain, around
    the late 11th or early 10th century BC. The palace was found when the site was excavated using biblical texts and previous archaeological finds.
  • See Archaeological Findings in King Hezekiah of Judah.
  • See also Who Was the Pharaoh of the Exodus?
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Wednesday, December 25, 2019

The Temple Mount at the Time of Jesus

See Walk Through the Temple Mount as It Was 2000 Years Ago,
especially time 16:58–18:58, and the videos from the Temple Mount:

See also these videos about Herod's Temple:

For information about the Tabernacle at the time of Moses,
see Moses; Part 11: The Tabernacle.

See also Jesus Weeps over Jerusalem in Jesus' Last Days before his Crucifixion.

For more historical information, see the following videos:

For further information about these videos, see:

See also Scientific Proofs of the Bible.

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Friday, December 20, 2019

Evidence for Creation

The Earth and the universe have either been created by an intelligent mind,
or have come into being by themselves by chance.

Creationists and evolutionists have different presuppositions,
different ways of interpreting an observation. The reason is that
a person's worldview determines how an observation should be interpreted.
The Bible is the ultimate standard for a creationist. For an evolutionist,
it's naturalism (nature is all there is, no God is involved in creation),
or strict empiricism (all true statements are proven by empirical research).

There is no neutral ground where a creationist and an evolutionist can meet 
(Mat 12:30, Rom 8:7, James 4:4, Tit 1:9). Since the Bible indicates
that there is no "neutral", the claim of neutrality is itself unbiblical.

My view is that only biblical presuppositions give correct interpretations 
(Proverbs 1:7, 26:4–5, Col 2:3, Rom 1:18–20, 1 Pet 3:15). Only the Bible can understand what is necessary for knowledge. If the Bible isn't true, it would be impossible to prove anything. The Bible is the absolute foundation of knowledge:
All non-Christian worldviews must in some extent stand on the Christian worldview.

That being said, I interpret the following observations as evidence
that the Earth and the universe were created by an intelligent mind:
  • The current secular explanation is that the objects must have grown quickly from small pebbles to 100 km large bodies, possible in a single leap. This is the best explanation they have. But it's not a scientific model. See problems with this explanation at time 9:42–15:10 in the video
    PhD Christian Scientist Exposes the HUGE Faults in Cosmic Evolution.

    The rocky planets in our Solar System, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, are called the Terrestrial planets. It's not possible for these planets
    to form by pebbles by themselves to a size bigger than a meter.
    Then they would have enough matter to break apart when they collide
    with other matter. Things aren't big enough for gravity to take over.
    The pebbles will also rotate towards the sun.
  • The gas giant planets in our Solar System are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
    and Neptune. Jupiter is the largest planet in our Solar System, but we know almost nothing about how it was created, if it was created by chance. Theories     predict that the giant protoplanets will merge into the central star before the planets have time to form. It's the case for Jupiter and Saturn.
  • Jupiter also protects Earth from collisions with asteroids,
    due to its large size and due to its location in our Solar System,
    see Trojan (celestial body) and the video What are the Points of Lagrange?
    (Especially time 10:28–11:26.)
  • Enceladus is a moon of Saturn. It has water geysers. The problem is that it's not a large object and is far too old according to secular scientists 
    to be geologically active. It's not a problem if it's thousands     of years old, but it's a problem if it's billions of years old.
    It can't be explained by gravitational forces from Saturn.
  • Titan is the largest moon of Saturn. It has a lot of methane in its atmosphere. All the methane should have been broken down by sunlight alone in only 10 million years. Titan is thought to be 4.5 billion years old.
  • Astronomers can't explain how Uranus and Neptune could be formed
    by chance so far away from the Sun.
  • Pluto has large terrains where it has no crater. There must have been recent volcanic activity to achieve it. This isn't a problem if Pluto 
    is thousands of years old, but it's a problem if it's billions of years old.
  • Stars are made of gas and are the maiden building blocks of the universe. A gas cloud in space doesn't form stars, because the outgoing gas pressure is much stronger than their gravity. Once you have a star, gravity is strong enough to keep it as a star. Gravity is much stronger at short distances. But it's not like that in a gas cloud, see time 15:12–20:43 in the video
    PhD Christian Scientist Exposes the HUGE Faults in Cosmic Evolution.
  • The universe is logical and ordered according to laws and nature,
    which work in the same way throughout time throughout the universe,
    and our mind can understand many things about the universe,
    see     What is Information?
  • The Sun confirms Biblical Creation, see Origins: The Sun.
See the basics of astronomy explained, showing the truth in the Bible
at time 29:56–40:20 in "Astronomy Reveals Creation" with Dr. Jason Lisle.
For more information, see The Big-Bang Model Revealed.

The Biblical Creation and the Fall of Man shows the biblical explanation. 
Time 4:17–20:02 in Understanding Genesis || Guest Speaker Dr. Jason Lisle
shows the importance of the biblical creation in the Book of Genesis. 

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